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Enlarge this image Delta Health Center, in buy viagra without a prescription rural northwest Mississippi, was founded in the 1960s and is female viagra near me one of the country's first community health centers. Delta's leaders say community health centers all over the U.S. Are trusted institutions which can buy viagra without a prescription help distribute erectile dysfunction treatments. Shalina Chatlani/Gulf States Newsroom hide caption toggle caption Shalina Chatlani/Gulf States Newsroom In the 1960s, health care for Black residents in rural Mississippi was meager. Most health systems were segregated.

Although some hospitals did serve Black patients, they struggled to buy viagra without a prescription stay afloat. At the height of the civil rights movement, young Black doctors decided to launch a movement of their own. "Mississippi was third-world and was so bad buy viagra without a prescription and so separated," says Dr. Robert Smith, "The community health center movement was the conduit for physicians all over this country who believed that all people have a right to health care." In 1967, Smith helped start Delta Health Center, the country's first rural community health center. They put the clinic in Mound Bayou, a small town in the heart of the Mississippi Delta, in the northwest part of the state.

The center became buy viagra without a prescription a national model and is now one of nearly 1,400 such clinics across the country. These federally-funded health clinics (often called FQHCs) are a key resource in the states of Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama, where about 2 in 5 Americans live in rural areas (throughout the U.S., about 1 in 5 Americans live in rural areas.) The erectile dysfunction treatment viagra has only exacerbated the challenges facing rural health care, such as lack of broadband access and limited public transportation. For much of the treatment rollout, those barriers have made it difficult for providers, like community health centers, to get shots in the arms of buy viagra without a prescription their patients. "I just assumed that [the treatment] would flow like water, but we really had to pry open the door to get access to it," says Smith, who still practices family medicine in Mississippi. Mound Bayou was founded by formerly enslaved people who became farmers, and it once had a thriving downtown.

The town is now buy viagra without a prescription dotted with shuttered or rundown banks, hotels and gas stations that were once some of the first black-owned businesses in the state. Mitch Williams grew up on a Mound Bayou farm in the 1930s and 40s, and spent long days working the soil with his hands. "If you would cut yourself, they wouldn't put no sutures in, no stitches in it. You wrapped it up and kept going," buy viagra without a prescription Williams says. Healthcare across the Mississippi Delta was sparse and much of it was segregated.

When the Delta Health Center started operations in 1967, it was explicitly for buy viagra without a prescription all residents, of all races — and free to those who needed it. Williams, 85, was one of its first patients. "They were seeing patients in the local churches. They had mobile units buy viagra without a prescription. I had never seen that kind of comprehensive care," he says.

Enlarge buy viagra without a prescription this image Mitch Williams, 85, grew up in Mound Bayou and became a patient after Delta Health Center opened. He later got a job at the health center and now serves on the clinic's Board of Directors. He was photographed in an exhibit of the clinic's history, near a portrait of Andrew James, who was the center's director of environmental improvement. Shalina Chatlani / Gulf buy viagra without a prescription States Newsroom hide caption toggle caption Shalina Chatlani / Gulf States Newsroom Residents really needed it. In the 1960s, many people in Mound Bayou and surrounding areas didn't have clean drinking water or indoor plumbing.

At the time, the 12,000 Black residents who lived in buy viagra without a prescription the surrounding county of Bolivar faced unemployment rates as high as 75% and lived on an average annual income of just $900 (around $7,500 in today's dollars), according to a Congressional report. The area's infant mortality rate, back in the 1960s, was close to 60 for every 1000 live births — four times higher than the rate for affluent Americans. Delta Health Center employees helped people insulate their homes. They built outhouses and provided food and buy viagra without a prescription sometimes even traveled to patients' homes to offer care, if someone didn't have transportation. They believed these factors affected health outcomes too.

Mitch Williams, who later worked for Delta Health, says he's not sure where the community would be today if it didn't exist. "It's frightening to think buy viagra without a prescription of it," he says. Half a century later, the Delta Health Center continues to provide accessible and affordable care in and around Mound Bayou, just as it did in the 1960s. That's because Black Southerners still face barriers to buy viagra without a prescription health during the erectile dysfunction treatment viagra. By April 2020, Black residents accounted for nearly half of all deaths in Alabama and over 70 percent of deaths in Louisiana and Mississippi.

Public health data from May 2021 show that during the viagra, Black residents have consistently been more likely to die from erectile dysfunction treatment, given their share of the population. "We have a lot of buy viagra without a prescription chronic health conditions here, particularly concentrated in the Mississippi Delta that lead to higher rates of complications and death with erectile dysfunction treatment," says Nadia Bethley, a clinical psychologist at the center. "It's been tough." Delta Health Center has grown over the decades, from being housed in trailers in Mound Bayou, to a chain of 18 clinics across 5 counties. It's managed to vaccinate over 5,500 buy viagra without a prescription people. The majority have been Black.

"We don't have the National Guard, you know, lining up out here, running our site. It's the buy viagra without a prescription people who work here," Bethley says. Enlarge this image Rotonia Gates, a nurse, checks the temperature of Tonya Beamon of Renova, Miss. On March 3. Beamon decided to get her erectile dysfunction treatment at the Delta Health Center because she had heard good things buy viagra without a prescription about the staff.

Shalina Chatlani/Gulf States Newsroom hide caption toggle caption Shalina Chatlani/Gulf States Newsroom The Mississippi Department of Health says it has prioritized health centers since the beginning of the rollout. But Delta Health CEO John Fairman says buy viagra without a prescription the center was only receiving a couple hundred doses a week in January and February. Delta Health Center officials say the supply became more consistent around early March. "Many states would be much further ahead had they utilized community health centers from the very beginning," Fairman says. Building on existing community trust Fairman says his center saw success with vaccinations because of its long-standing relationships with the local buy viagra without a prescription communities.

"Use the infrastructure that's already in place, that has community trust," says Fariman. That was the buy viagra without a prescription entire point of the health center movement in the first place, says Dr. Robert Smith. He says states that were slow to use health centers in the treatment rollout made a mistake, and that now impacts their ability to get a handle on erectile dysfunction treatment in the most vulnerable communities. Enlarge this image Civil rights buy viagra without a prescription veteran Dr.

Robert Smith at his home in Jackson, Miss. Smith and medical colleagues such as Dr. Count Gibson buy viagra without a prescription and Dr. Jack Geiger worked to establish federally-funded community health centers in the 1960s. The first two centers opened buy viagra without a prescription in urban Boston and the rural town of Mound Bayou, Miss.

Shalina Chatlani/Gulf States Newsroom hide caption toggle caption Shalina Chatlani/Gulf States Newsroom Regarding the slow dispersal of treatments to rural health centers, Smith called it "an example of systemic racism that continues." A spokesperson from Mississippi's department responded that it's "committed to providing treatments to rural areas, but given the rurality of Mississippi it is a real challenge." Alan Morgan, the president of the National Rural Health Association, says the low level of dose allocation to rural health clinics and community health centers early on is "going to cost lives." "With hospitalizations and mortality much higher in rural communities, these states need to focus on the hot spots, which in many cases are these small towns," Morgan says. A report from the Kaiser Family Foundation found that people of color made up the majority of people vaccinated at community health centers, and the centers seem to be vaccinating people at similar or higher rates than their share of the total population. (The KHN newsroom, which collaborated to produce this story, is an editorially independent program of KFF.) The report adds that "ramping up health centers' involvement in vaccination efforts at the federal, state and local levels," could be a meaningful buy viagra without a prescription step in "advancing equity on a larger scale." Equal access to care in rural communities is necessary to reach the most vulnerable populations, and is just as critical during this global health crisis as it was in the 1960s, according to Dr. Robert Smith. "When health care improves for Blacks, it will improve for all Americans," Smith says buy viagra without a prescription.

This story comes from NPR's partnership with Kaiser Health News (KHN) and the three stations who make up the Gulf States Newsroom. Mississippi Public Broadcasting, WBHM in Birmingham, and WWNO in New Orleans.Enlarge this image Kelly Hans holds a box of Narcan nasal spray at the county's One-Stop Shop in Austin. Mitch Legan/WTIU/WFIU News hide caption toggle caption Mitch Legan/WTIU/WFIU News In 2015, Indiana's rural Scott County found buy viagra without a prescription itself in the national spotlight when intravenous drug use and sharing needles led to an outbreak of HIV. Mike Pence, who was Indiana's governor at the time, approved the state's first syringe exchange program in the small manufacturing community 30 minutes north of Louisville, as part of an emergency measure. "I will tell you that I do not support needle exchange as anti-drug policy," he said during buy viagra without a prescription a 2015 visit to the county.

"But this is a public health emergency." In all, 235 people became infected with HIV over the course of the outbreak, most of them within the first year. In all of last year, there was one new case. Health officials credit the needle buy viagra without a prescription exchange for the dramatic drop-off in cases. But with cases the lowest in years, Scott County commissioners voted 2-1 on Wednesday to end the program. Commissioners President Mike Jones says the access to needles is leading to more overdoses in Scott County.

Jones and the other commissioner who voted buy viagra without a prescription to end the exchange say they can't live with a program that makes it easier to abuse drugs. "I know people that are alcoholics, and I don't buy him a bottle of whiskey, and ... I have a hard time handing buy viagra without a prescription a needle to somebody that I know they're going to hurt theirself with," Jones says. Scott County health officials say they're dismayed at the decision, which requires them to phase out the needle exchange by the end of the year. Needle exchanges provide intravenous drug users with clean syringes and a place to dispose of used ones.

Research shows they help reduce the spread of infectious diseases like HIV and can help people overcome substance abuse by acting buy viagra without a prescription as an access point to health services for those who are unlikely to seek them out. Michelle Matern, Scott County's health administrator, doesn't want to see the syringe program end. "I think a lot of people forgot kind of what 2015 was like, and what we went through buy viagra without a prescription as a community," says Matern. Enlarge this image Hans goes through the contents of one of the kits the exchange provides intravenous drug users. Mitch Legan/WTIU/WFIU News hide caption toggle caption Mitch Legan/WTIU/WFIU News Residents have testified to the effectiveness of the exchange during recent meetings.

Former U.S buy viagra without a prescription. Surgeon General Dr. Jerome Adams attended buy viagra without a prescription a commissioners' meeting in early May and praised Scott County's exchange as the gold standard. "I've seen syringe service programs all over the nation. I've been to Canada and seen how they do it over there," Adams said.

"And the way you're doing it here is the way it's supposed to be done." The county's One-Stop Shop in Austin, Ind., provides buy viagra without a prescription testing for HIV, hepatitis C or sexually transmitted s. There's food and the people who work there can connect users with health insurance, housing and recovery opportunities. It serves around 170 people a month. "We don't call it a needle exchange buy viagra without a prescription anymore," Matern says. "We call it a 'syringe service program,' because we realize that it's a lot more than just exchanging used syringes for new ones." The two commissioners who are against the program say it enables drug users by providing supplies needed to inject drugs and is leading to overdoses.

"It's aggravating for a first responder to buy viagra without a prescription Narcan somebody, and this is one of the things I really struggle with is that there's no accountability," commissioner Mike Jones said during a recent meeting. "They walk out of the ER, there's no – nothing happens. I mean, nothing happens." In a since-deleted Facebook post, commissioner Randy Julian referred to the program as "a welfare program for addicts." Carrie Lawrence, associate director of the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention at Indiana University says eliminating the supply of clean syringes is not going to help people who are struggling with addiction stop injecting drugs. They're likely to continue even with dirty needles buy viagra without a prescription. "That's how Indiana got known for our HIV outbreak," she says.

Closing the syringe exchange she says, "is putting more people at risk." Kelly Hans was struggling with addiction before the outbreak and now works at the needle exchange buy viagra without a prescription as its HIV prevention outreach coordinator. She says getting rid of the program would be a huge blow to the county's recovery system. "I wish there would have been some place like this prior to the outbreak in 2015, when I was using and when I was a mess," she says. "There was nowhere for me buy viagra without a prescription to go to ask for help. Recovery wasn't very loud here in Scott County.

So, I didn't even know who to go to." At THRIVE Recovery Community Organization in Scottsburg, 1,885 people from around the area reached out for help last year. Over a quarter buy viagra without a prescription of them were referred there by the county's needle exchange. The exchange provides Narcan and information to help people use drugs safely, both to prevent disease and avoid overdoses. Lawrence began researching buy viagra without a prescription the situation in Scott County from the start. She says the trust that has been built between the exchange and IV drug using community is what has made it effective.

"You can't just throw up a tent in the middle of the parking lot to do this," she says. But the buy viagra without a prescription commissioners say there are treatments for HIV and are frustrated they don't see more people in recovery from drug use. "I don't know how you get to someone to say, 'Enough's enough,'" Mike Jones said at a recent meeting. Health officials have warned of what's happening in West Virginia, buy viagra without a prescription where cases of HIV and hepatitis C are spiking as elected officials crack down on needle exchanges. In Scott County, Matern says they could transition to a harm reduction program without needles – sharing addiction resources and STD and HIV testing services.

But she doubts it will be as effective, because what gets people in the door is the needles. If the needle exchange is halted, she expects a rise in HIV cases to follow. Carrie Lawrence agrees. "Given the history of the Scott County outbreak, another one could happen," she says..

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Latest Sleep News By can you buy viagra without a prescription Dennis ThompsonHealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, https://friederichsseed.com/generic-cipro-online///////////// Aug. 27, 2020A frequent need to nap could be a red flag for future heart problems and a higher risk of early death, a new analysis concludes.Long naps lasting more can you buy viagra without a prescription than an hour are associated with a 34% elevated risk of heart disease and a 30% greater risk of death, according to the combined results of 20 previous studies.Overall, naps of any length were associated with a 19% increased risk of premature death, a Chinese research team found. The study results were released Wednesday for presentation at the virtual annual meeting of the European Society of Cardiology."If you want to take a siesta, our study indicates it's safest to keep it under an hour," lead researcher Zhe Pan of Guangzhou Medical University said in a society news release.

"For those can you buy viagra without a prescription of us not in the habit of a daytime slumber, there is no convincing evidence to start."For their study, the researchers analyzed data from 20 studies involving more than 313,000 participants. About two in five people in the studies said they nap.The investigators found that the connection was more pronounced in people aged 65 and older. These older folks had a 27% higher risk of death associated can you buy viagra without a prescription with napping and a 36% greater risk of heart disease.

Women also had a stronger association between napping and poor health, with a can you buy viagra without a prescription 22% greater risk of death and a 31% greater risk of heart problems.Interestingly, long naps were linked with an increased risk of death in people who sleep more than six hours a night. That would seem to rule out poor sleep as an explanation for the increased risk of death and heart health issues.Adults who get less than seven hours of sleep each night are more likely to say they've had a heart attack, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can you buy viagra without a prescription.

Poor sleep also has been linked to high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and obesity, all of which increase the risk of heart disease, heart attack and stroke.Pan speculated that long naps might affect the body because they are associated with higher levels of inflammation.But heart health experts said that just because you're sleeping through the night doesn't mean you've gotten a good night's sleep -- something for which this study doesn't account.Regarding how well you're resting at night, napping "might be a sign that there's something else going on," said Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a can you buy viagra without a prescription cardiologist and director of the NYU Langone Center for Women's Health, in New York City."What kind of sleep were these individuals getting?. " Goldberg said of the study can you buy viagra without a prescription participants.

"Were they waking up at night?. Did they can you buy viagra without a prescription have sleep apnea?. "Dr.

Matthew Tomey, a cardiologist with Mount Sinai Morningside in New York City, agreed that these folks might be suffering from poor sleep."Some people take naps as a matter of can you buy viagra without a prescription habit, or they take a power nap," Tomey said. "For others, they're taking potentially longer naps during the daytime because of too little or too poor quality sleep at night."People should take a nap when they feel like it, but if they regularly need naps that could be a sign of trouble, Tomey said."If they notice that they feel excessively sleepy during the daytime, needing multiple or long naps, that's a wake-up call to pay attention to the quality and quantity of their nighttime sleep," he added.People who frequently nap should talk with their doctor about their sleep issues, since they might be suffering from sleep apnea or some other issue that disrupts quality sleep, Tomey and Goldberg said.Good sleep habits, according to the CDC, include:Sticking to a regular sleep schedule.Getting enough natural light during the day, to positively influence brain chemicals related to sleep.Exercising regularly, but not within a few hours of bedtime.Avoiding artificial light near bedtime.Keeping your bedroom cool, dark and quiet.Copyright © 2020 HealthDay. All rights reserved can you buy viagra without a prescription.

SLIDESHOW Sleep Disorders can you buy viagra without a prescription. Foods That Help Sleep or Keep You Awake See Slideshow References SOURCES. Nieca Goldberg, MD, cardiologist and director, NYU Langone Center for can you buy viagra without a prescription Women's Health, New York City.

Matthew Tomey, MD, cardiologist, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York City. European Society of can you buy viagra without a prescription Cardiology, annual meeting.Latest Heart News By Serena McNiffHealthDay ReporterWEDNESDAY, Aug. 26, 2020 (HealthDay News)Most strokes strike when an artery in the brain suddenly becomes blocked, but new research shows a rarer cause of strokes is becoming more common.It's called cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), and it happens when a vein in the brain is clogged.

While CVT is estimated to cause less than 1% of all strokes, scientists discovered it is now more prevalent and affecting a different demographic than previously can you buy viagra without a prescription thought.Study author Dr. Fadar Otite and his colleagues pored over years of hospital records from New York and Florida to find out how many cases of CVT occurred in these states can you buy viagra without a prescription between 2006 and 2016. Otite is an assistant professor of neurology at SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, N.Y.Based on the data they analyzed, the researchers estimated that the number of CVT cases in the United States rose from around 14 cases per million in 2006 to 20 cases per million in 2014."We still find that the incidence of CVT is less than 1% of all strokes, even across our study period, but the incidence increased by 70% over time," Otite said.

"In 2006, can you buy viagra without a prescription the proportion of all strokes that were CVT was 0.47%. At the end of our study, which was in 2016, that proportion increased to 0.80%."CVT causes blood clots to form in the veins of the brain. These veins drain blood that has already been used by brain cells, sending can you buy viagra without a prescription it back to the heart to be replenished with oxygen.

If a clot forms in one of these veins, it may leak into the surrounding brain tissue and could cause a stroke, the researchers explained.While CVT is still most common in young women -- about two-thirds of all CVT hospitalizations included in the study were in females can you buy viagra without a prescription -- the researchers found that the number of cases among this demographic did not increase over the 10-year study period. Instead, they saw increases in CVT among men and older women."Part of the message is that we agree that CVT is still more common in women, but because of the diverse clinical presentation of CVT, when other symptoms that may be attributable to CVT are present in other demographics, we should take them with more seriousness," Otite said.Another major finding was that CVT incidence in Black people was significantly higher than in other races. But why that is the can you buy viagra without a prescription case remains unknown.

"We have no clear explanation, because this is truly the first study to ever relate the incidence of CVT between races," he added.Several factors may put one at a higher risk of developing CVT, including pregnancy and taking hormonal birth control pills, which may be why it is more common in younger women, the researchers noted.And many of the risk factors for CVT -- like blood clotting disorders or medications that cause clotting, severe dehydration, s of the ear, face or neck, head trauma, obesity and cancer -- are somewhat different from the triggers typically associated with stroke.It is important for clinicians to be aware of this rise in CVT incidence because the condition can easily be confused as something else, Otite said. Patients with can you buy viagra without a prescription CVT may have unspecific complaints such as headaches, blurry vision or seizures.Around 3% of patients in a prior study who had CVT and went to the hospital were diagnosed with something else and sent home, according to Otite. "So, it's important to recognize this from the start, because by the next time the clinical condition may be worse," he said.CVT can be treated with medication to thin the blood and help prevent further clotting, which may not be prescribed if the condition isn't properly diagnosed, he added.Dr.

Jose Biller, chair of the neurology department at Loyola University Medical Center in Hines, Ill., said the takeaway from this study is that more attention should be paid to CVT."I think that there should be an increased can you buy viagra without a prescription awareness of cerebral venous thrombosis because, by and large, when people think about stroke, they don't think about it," Biller said. "There should be an increasing level of awareness because this is a condition that has a specific treatment."The study was published can you buy viagra without a prescription online Aug. 26 in the journal Neurology.Copyright © 2020 HealthDay.

All rights can you buy viagra without a prescription reserved. SLIDESHOW Stroke Causes, Symptoms, and Recovery See Slideshow References SOURCES. Fadar Oliver Otite, MD, can you buy viagra without a prescription assistant professor, neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y..

Jose Biller, MD, chair, department of neurology, can you buy viagra without a prescription Loyola University Medical Center, Hines, Ill.. Neurology, Aug. 26, 2020, onlineLatest Hearing can you buy viagra without a prescription News WEDNESDAY, Aug.

26, 2020 (HealthDay News)Even if they appear unresponsive, dying people may still be able to hear.That's the takeaway from a Canadian analysis of hospice patients in Vancouver.Researchers compared electroencephalography (EEG) data -- a measure of electrical activity in the brain -- collected when patients were conscious and when they became unresponsive at the end of life. Those patients were compared to a healthy control group.The study looked at brain response to various patterns of common and rare sounds that changed frequency, and found that responses of some of the dying patients were similar to those of healthy people -- even hours before death."In the last hours before an expected natural death, many people enter a period of unresponsiveness," said lead author Elizabeth Blundon, a doctoral student in psychology at the University of British Columbia at the time of the study."Our data shows that a dying brain can respond to sound, even in an unconscious state, up to the last hours of life," she said in a university news release.Co-author Lawrence Ward, a professor of psychology, said researchers were able to identify specific mental processes in both groups of can you buy viagra without a prescription participants."We had to look very carefully at the individual control participants' data, to see if each one of them showed a particular type of brain response before we felt confident that the unresponsive patient's brain reacted similarly," he said in the release.The findings were recently published in the journal Scientific Reports."This research gives credence to the fact that hospice nurses and physicians noticed that the sounds of loved ones helped comfort people when they were dying," said study co-author Dr. Romayne Gallagher, a now-retired palliative care physician at St.

John Hospice in Vancouver."And to me, it adds significant meaning to the last days can you buy viagra without a prescription and hours of life and shows that being present, in person or by phone, is meaningful," she said. "It is a comfort to be able to say goodbye and express love."While the evidence of brain activity supports the idea that dying people might hear, it's not known if they're aware of what they're hearing, Blundon noted."Their brains responded to the auditory stimuli, but we can't possibly know if they're remembering, identifying voices, or understanding can you buy viagra without a prescription language," she said. "There are all these other questions that have yet to be answered.

This first glimpse supports the idea that we have to keep talking to people when they are dying because something is happening in their brain."-- Robert PreidtCopyright can you buy viagra without a prescription © 2020 HealthDay. All rights reserved. QUESTION What is hearing can you buy viagra without a prescription loss?.

See can you buy viagra without a prescription Answer References SOURCE. University of British Columbia, news release, July 8, 2020Latest Pregnancy News THURSDAY, Aug. 27, 2020 (HealthDay News)A new case study adds to growing evidence that the new erectile dysfunction can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus."It's very important to bring to the forefront this finding that mothers and infants can be can you buy viagra without a prescription affected by erectile dysfunction treatment, transmission can occur during pregnancy, and pregnant mothers need to protect themselves," said Dr.

Amanda Evans, senior author of the report."We don't know whether there are any long-term effects of erectile dysfunction treatment in babies," she added. Evans is an assistant professor of pediatrics specializing in infectious diseases at UT Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center in Dallas.The case involved a woman who was can you buy viagra without a prescription 34 weeks pregnant. She visited the emergency department at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas with signs of premature labor and was admitted when she tested positive for erectile dysfunction, the viagra that causes erectile dysfunction treatment.Though the patient didn't have the typical respiratory symptoms associated with erectile dysfunction treatment, she did have a fever and diarrhea, suggesting possible viral .

Before going to the hospital, she didn't know she had the erectile dysfunction.After a few days in the hospital, the woman gave birth in early May to a 7-pound, 3-ounce girl who initially can you buy viagra without a prescription appeared healthy. After 24 hours, however, can you buy viagra without a prescription the baby developed a fever and signs of respiratory distress, including an abnormally high breathing rate and lower blood-oxygen levels. Tests showed that she had erectile dysfunction treatment.Study first author Dr.

Julide Sisman, an associate professor of pediatrics who cared for the newborn, said, "At that time, the knowledge we had was that transmission doesn't occur in utero, so can you buy viagra without a prescription we really weren't expecting that at all."Further investigation showed the baby was infected while in the womb. Both mother and baby fully recovered, according to the case study published online recently in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.More than 20 million people worldwide have been infected with the new erectile dysfunction, but data on how it affects pregnant women have been limited, the authors noted in a UTSW news release."The fact that this can occur, even if rare, illustrates how important it is to limit exposure for mothers and newborns," said Dr. Wilmer Moreno, an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology can you buy viagra without a prescription at UTSW.

"Anything, like telemedicine visits, that can eliminate the need for mom to be around other people will be very helpful."-- Robert PreidtCopyright © 2020 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SLIDESHOW Conception.

The Amazing Journey from Egg to Embryo See Slideshow References SOURCE. UT Southwestern Medical Center, news release, Aug. 24, 2020.

Latest Sleep buy viagra without a prescription News By Dennis ThompsonHealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Aug. 27, 2020A frequent need to nap could be a red flag for future heart problems and a higher risk of early death, a new analysis concludes.Long naps lasting more than an hour are associated with a 34% elevated risk of buy viagra without a prescription heart disease and a 30% greater risk of death, according to the combined results of 20 previous studies.Overall, naps of any length were associated with a 19% increased risk of premature death, a Chinese research team found. The study results were released Wednesday for presentation at the virtual annual meeting of the European Society of Cardiology."If you want to take a siesta, our study indicates it's safest to keep it under an hour," lead researcher Zhe Pan of Guangzhou Medical University said in a society news release.

"For those of us not in the habit of a daytime slumber, there is no convincing buy viagra without a prescription evidence to start."For their study, the researchers analyzed data from 20 studies involving more than 313,000 participants. About two in five people in the studies said they nap.The investigators found that the connection was more pronounced in people aged 65 and older. These older folks had a 27% higher buy viagra without a prescription risk of death associated with napping and a 36% greater risk of heart disease.

Women also had a buy viagra without a prescription stronger association between napping and poor health, with a 22% greater risk of death and a 31% greater risk of heart problems.Interestingly, long naps were linked with an increased risk of death in people who sleep more than six hours a night. That would seem to rule out poor sleep as an explanation for the increased risk of death and heart health issues.Adults who get less than seven hours of sleep each night are more likely to say they've had a heart attack, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention buy viagra without a prescription.

Poor sleep also has been linked to high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and obesity, all of which increase the risk of heart disease, heart attack and stroke.Pan speculated that long naps might affect the body because they are associated with higher levels of inflammation.But heart health experts said that just because you're sleeping through the night doesn't mean you've gotten a good night's sleep -- something for which this study doesn't account.Regarding how well you're resting at night, napping "might be a sign that there's something else going on," said Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a cardiologist and director of the NYU Langone Center for Women's Health, in New York City."What kind of sleep were these individuals getting? buy viagra without a prescription. " Goldberg said of the study buy viagra without a prescription participants.

"Were they waking up at night?. Did they have sleep apnea? buy viagra without a prescription. "Dr.

Matthew Tomey, a cardiologist with Mount Sinai Morningside in New York City, agreed that these folks might be suffering from poor sleep."Some people take naps as a matter of habit, or they take a power buy viagra without a prescription nap," Tomey said. "For others, they're taking potentially longer naps during the daytime because of too little or too poor quality sleep at night."People should take a nap when they feel like it, but if they regularly need naps that could be a sign of trouble, Tomey said."If they notice that they feel excessively sleepy during the daytime, needing multiple or long naps, that's a wake-up call to pay attention to the quality and quantity of their nighttime sleep," he added.People who frequently nap should talk with their doctor about their sleep issues, since they might be suffering from sleep apnea or some other issue that disrupts quality sleep, Tomey and Goldberg said.Good sleep habits, according to the CDC, include:Sticking to a regular sleep schedule.Getting enough natural light during the day, to positively influence brain chemicals related to sleep.Exercising regularly, but not within a few hours of bedtime.Avoiding artificial light near bedtime.Keeping your bedroom cool, dark and quiet.Copyright © 2020 HealthDay. All rights buy viagra without a prescription reserved.

SLIDESHOW Sleep Disorders buy viagra without a prescription. Foods That Help Sleep or Keep You Awake See Slideshow References SOURCES. Nieca Goldberg, buy viagra without a prescription MD, cardiologist and director, NYU Langone Center for Women's Health, New York City.

Matthew Tomey, MD, cardiologist, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York City. European Society of Cardiology, annual buy viagra without a prescription meeting.Latest Heart News By Serena McNiffHealthDay ReporterWEDNESDAY, Aug. 26, 2020 (HealthDay News)Most strokes strike when an artery in the brain suddenly becomes blocked, but new research shows a rarer cause of strokes is becoming more common.It's called cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), and it happens when a vein in the brain is clogged.

While CVT is estimated to cause less than 1% of all strokes, scientists discovered it is now more prevalent buy viagra without a prescription and affecting a different demographic than previously thought.Study author Dr. Fadar Otite and his colleagues pored over years of hospital records from New York buy viagra without a prescription and Florida to find out how many cases of CVT occurred in these states between 2006 and 2016. Otite is an assistant professor of neurology at SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, N.Y.Based on the data they analyzed, the researchers estimated that the number of CVT cases in the United States rose from around 14 cases per million in 2006 to 20 cases per million in 2014."We still find that the incidence of CVT is less than 1% of all strokes, even across our study period, but the incidence increased by 70% over time," Otite said.

"In 2006, the proportion of all strokes that were CVT was buy viagra without a prescription 0.47%. At the end of our study, which was in 2016, that proportion increased to 0.80%."CVT causes blood clots to form in the veins of the brain. These veins buy viagra without a prescription drain blood that has already been used by brain cells, sending it back to the heart to be replenished with oxygen.

If a clot forms in one of these veins, it may buy viagra without a prescription leak into the surrounding brain tissue and could cause a stroke, the researchers explained.While CVT is still most common in young women -- about two-thirds of all CVT hospitalizations included in the study were in females -- the researchers found that the number of cases among this demographic did not increase over the 10-year study period. Instead, they saw increases in CVT among men and older women."Part of the message is that we agree that CVT is still more common in women, but because of the diverse clinical presentation of CVT, when other symptoms that may be attributable to CVT are present in other demographics, we should take them with more seriousness," Otite said.Another major finding was that CVT incidence in Black people was significantly higher than in other races. But why that buy viagra without a prescription is the case remains unknown.

"We have no clear explanation, because this is truly the first study to ever relate the incidence of CVT between races," he added.Several factors may put one at a higher risk of developing CVT, including pregnancy and taking hormonal birth control pills, which may be why it is more common in younger women, the researchers noted.And many of the risk factors for CVT -- like blood clotting disorders or medications that cause clotting, severe dehydration, s of the ear, face or neck, head trauma, obesity and cancer -- are somewhat different from the triggers typically associated with stroke.It is important for clinicians to be aware of this rise in CVT incidence because the condition can easily be confused as something else, Otite said. Patients with CVT may have unspecific complaints such as headaches, blurry vision or buy viagra without a prescription seizures.Around 3% of patients in a prior study who had CVT and went to the hospital were diagnosed with something else and sent home, according to Otite. "So, it's important to recognize this from the start, because by the next time the clinical condition may be worse," he said.CVT can be treated with medication to thin the blood and help prevent further clotting, which may not be prescribed if the condition isn't properly diagnosed, he added.Dr.

Jose Biller, buy viagra without a prescription chair of the neurology department at Loyola University Medical Center in Hines, Ill., said the takeaway from this study is that more attention should be paid to CVT."I think that there should be an increased awareness of cerebral venous thrombosis because, by and large, when people think about stroke, they don't think about it," Biller said. "There should be an buy viagra without a prescription increasing level of awareness because this is a condition that has a specific treatment."The study was published online Aug. 26 in the journal Neurology.Copyright © 2020 HealthDay.

All rights buy viagra without a prescription reserved. SLIDESHOW Stroke Causes, Symptoms, and Recovery See Slideshow References SOURCES. Fadar Oliver buy viagra without a prescription Otite, MD, assistant professor, neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y..

Jose Biller, MD, chair, department of neurology, Loyola University Medical buy viagra without a prescription Center, Hines, Ill.. Neurology, Aug. 26, 2020, onlineLatest buy viagra without a prescription Hearing News WEDNESDAY, Aug.

26, 2020 (HealthDay News)Even if they appear unresponsive, dying people may still be able to hear.That's the takeaway from a Canadian analysis of hospice patients in Vancouver.Researchers compared electroencephalography (EEG) data -- a measure of electrical activity in the brain -- collected when patients were conscious and when they became unresponsive at the end of life. Those patients were compared to a healthy control group.The study looked at brain response to various patterns of buy viagra without a prescription common and rare sounds that changed frequency, and found that responses of some of the dying patients were similar to those of healthy people -- even hours before death."In the last hours before an expected natural death, many people enter a period of unresponsiveness," said lead author Elizabeth Blundon, a doctoral student in psychology at the University of British Columbia at the time of the study."Our data shows that a dying brain can respond to sound, even in an unconscious state, up to the last hours of life," she said in a university news release.Co-author Lawrence Ward, a professor of psychology, said researchers were able to identify specific mental processes in both groups of participants."We had to look very carefully at the individual control participants' data, to see if each one of them showed a particular type of brain response before we felt confident that the unresponsive patient's brain reacted similarly," he said in the release.The findings were recently published in the journal Scientific Reports."This research gives credence to the fact that hospice nurses and physicians noticed that the sounds of loved ones helped comfort people when they were dying," said study co-author Dr. Romayne Gallagher, a now-retired palliative care physician at St.

John Hospice in Vancouver."And to me, it adds significant meaning to the last buy viagra without a prescription days and hours of life and shows that being present, in person or by phone, is meaningful," she said. "It is a comfort to be able to say goodbye and express love."While the evidence of brain activity supports the idea that dying people might hear, it's not known if they're aware of what they're hearing, Blundon noted."Their brains responded to the auditory stimuli, but we can't possibly know if they're buy viagra without a prescription remembering, identifying voices, or understanding language," she said. "There are all these other questions that have yet to be answered.

This first glimpse supports the idea that we have to keep talking to people when they are dying because something is happening in their brain."-- buy viagra without a prescription Robert PreidtCopyright © 2020 HealthDay. All rights reserved. QUESTION What buy viagra without a prescription is hearing loss?.

See Answer References SOURCE buy viagra without a prescription. University of British Columbia, news release, July 8, 2020Latest Pregnancy News THURSDAY, Aug. 27, 2020 (HealthDay News)A new case study adds buy viagra without a prescription to growing evidence that the new erectile dysfunction can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus."It's very important to bring to the forefront this finding that mothers and infants can be affected by erectile dysfunction treatment, transmission can occur during pregnancy, and pregnant mothers need to protect themselves," said Dr.

Amanda Evans, senior author of the report."We don't know whether there are any long-term effects of erectile dysfunction treatment in babies," she added. Evans is an assistant professor of pediatrics specializing in infectious diseases at UT Southwestern (UTSW) Medical buy viagra without a prescription Center in Dallas.The case involved a woman who was 34 weeks pregnant. She visited the emergency department at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas with signs of premature labor and was admitted when she tested positive for erectile dysfunction, the viagra that causes erectile dysfunction treatment.Though the patient didn't have the typical respiratory symptoms associated with erectile dysfunction treatment, she did have a fever and diarrhea, suggesting possible viral .

Before going to the hospital, she didn't know she had the erectile dysfunction.After a few days in the hospital, the woman gave birth in early May to a 7-pound, 3-ounce girl who initially appeared healthy. After 24 hours, however, the baby developed a fever and signs of respiratory distress, including an abnormally high breathing rate and lower blood-oxygen levels. Tests showed that she had erectile dysfunction treatment.Study first author Dr.

Julide Sisman, an associate professor of pediatrics who cared for the newborn, said, "At that time, the knowledge we had was that transmission doesn't occur in utero, so we really weren't expecting that at all."Further investigation showed the baby was infected while in the womb. Both mother and baby fully recovered, according to the case study published online recently in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.More than 20 million people worldwide have been infected with the new erectile dysfunction, but data on how it affects pregnant women have been limited, the authors noted in a UTSW news release."The fact that this can occur, even if rare, illustrates how important it is to limit exposure for mothers and newborns," said Dr. Wilmer Moreno, an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at UTSW.

"Anything, like telemedicine visits, that can eliminate the need for mom to be around other people will be very helpful."-- Robert PreidtCopyright © 2020 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SLIDESHOW Conception.

The Amazing Journey from Egg to Embryo See Slideshow References SOURCE. UT Southwestern Medical Center, news release, Aug. 24, 2020.

What side effects may I notice from Viagra?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:

• allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• breathing problems
• changes in hearing
• changes in vision, blurred vision, trouble telling blue from green color
• chest pain
• fast, irregular heartbeat
• men: prolonged or painful erection (lasting more than 4 hours)
• seizures

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):

• diarrhea
• flushing
• headache
• indigestion
• stuffy or runny nose

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

How much icariin equals viagra

This article appeared in the September/October how much icariin equals viagra 2021 issue of Discover magazine as "Frontline Fatigue." Become a subscriber for unlimited access to our archive.In February 1945, U.S. Navy nurse Dorothy Still was a prisoner of war in the Japanese-occupied Philippines. Along with 11 other Navy how much icariin equals viagra nurses, Nurse Still provided care for civilian inmates in a prison camp where food was scarce and guards were brutal. Few inmates weighed more than 100 pounds, and most were dying from malnutrition.

On the night of Feb. 22, Nurse Still and the other inmates watched as their captors set up guns around the perimeter of the camp and turned the barrels inward how much icariin equals viagra. Other guards dug shallow graves. The inmates had long suspected the camp commander planned to massacre them all, and it seemed the rumors were coming true.

Yet Nurse Still and another Navy nurse reported to the infirmary how much icariin equals viagra for the night shift. They had little medicine or food to offer their patients. Comfort and kindness were all they had left to give. Nurse Still heard gunfire the next morning at how much icariin equals viagra dawn and assumed the massacre had begun.

She steeled herself to glance out the infirmary window and saw parachutes gliding to the ground. Liberation had come just in time!. U.S how much icariin equals viagra. And Filipino forces swiftly evacuated the 2,400 inmates to safety.

But that wasn’t the end of Nurse Still’s journey. She was haunted by the horrors she witnessed in the prison camp, and the trauma stuck with her for the rest how much icariin equals viagra of her life. Now nursing leaders and advocates are saying the problem of not addressing nurses’ mental health needs has again reached a critical point. Nurses have been on the front lines of the erectile dysfunction treatment crisis, but most aren’t receiving comprehensive mental health screening or treatment.

Nursing advocacy groups and scholars who study PTSD in nursing warn that leaving nurses’ mental health needs untreated could lead to a nursing shortage, much as it did after World War II.Taken as prisoners of war in 1942, Dorothy Still and 11 other Navy nurses provided how much icariin equals viagra medical care in the midst of brutal suffering at Los Baños Internment Camp. (Credit. Courtesy of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery) Suffering in Silence Back in the States, Nurse Still was tasked with speaking at war bond drives about the three years she was a prisoner of war. She found the experience troubling and requested a transfer to Panama, but her memories followed her to her new post how much icariin equals viagra.

At times, she was depressed. Other times, she couldn’t stop thinking about all she had endured. She sometimes cried without provocation and struggled to how much icariin equals viagra stop crying once she had started. On advice of her fiancé, she booked an appointment with a naval physician.

During her appointment, Nurse Still told the physician she had been a prisoner of war for more than three years, and asked for a medical discharge based on the trauma she was experiencing. The doctor asked when how much icariin equals viagra Nurse Still was liberated. The date was the same as the raising of the flag at Iwo Jima. The physician said those men were heroes, but Nurse Still was a woman and a nurse, and therefore, did not suffer.

Denied treatment, how much icariin equals viagra Nurse Still left the appointment shaking. She vowed she would keep her pain to herself. The Navy nurses weren’t the only medical care providers taken prisoner during WWII. Sixty-six U.S how much icariin equals viagra.

Army nurses as well as hundreds of physicians, pharmacists, and medical assistants were also held captive in the South Pacific. But at the end of the war, as the U.S. Prepared to welcome how much icariin equals viagra home millions of men and women who served their country, mental health treatment was limited — and reserved for men. Nurses, it was assumed, did not suffer.

At the time, the U.S. Military was the largest employer of nurses, and it had established an expected code of how much icariin equals viagra silence regarding how nurses responded to their own trauma. In 1947, an article in the American Journal of Psychiatry claimed a military hospital was a controlled environment that insulated nurses from the brutality of war. The study’s author claimed that nurses’ mental health needs were “less complex,” and that nursing fulfilled women by catering to their natural instinct to care for men.

€œThey were how much icariin equals viagra supplying a service which gratified the passive needs of men. And which identified these women with the mother, the wife, or the sweetheart back home.”Many nurses, including Nurse Still, responded to the lack of mental health treatment by leaving both the military and nursing. The late 1940s saw a shortage in nurses at time when hospital admissions rose by 26 percent. The shortage persisted until the late 1960s when wages began to increase.After three years as POWs, the Navy nurses were liberated how much icariin equals viagra in 1945.

Here, they speak with Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid after their release, and are shown next to the aircraft that brought them from the South Pacific to Hawaii. (Credit. U.S.

Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery)A Looming Crisis The erectile dysfunction treatment viagra has meant that for the first time since WWII, the vast majority of U.S. Nurses are embroiled in fighting a common enemy. It’s a demanding and emotional battle that advocates say adds a deeper stress to an already taxing job.Across the country, nurses have been caring for patients dying from erectile dysfunction treatment who do not have the support of family at their bedside due to visitor restrictions. €œThe nurses are often the ones who are serving as the loved one and helping the patient navigate the end-of-life journey,” says Holly Carpenter, a senior policy advisor with the American Nurses Association.

In addition to caring for dying erectile dysfunction treatment patients, Carpenter says, many nurses were not properly equipped at the height of the viagra with the personal protection equipment needed to avoid . These nurses lived in fear of being infected or transmitting the viagra to loved ones at home. And on top of these stressors, nurses are also still coping with the usual demands of the job. €œThere are the things that have always been there — long shifts, sometimes mandatory overtime, a workload that’s heavier than you’re comfortable with, having to work through breaks or lunchtime, having to come in early and stay late,” Carpenter says.

Prior to the viagra, studies estimated that as many as half of critical-care nurses experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since the viagra began, researchers have found the crisis has amplified symptoms of mental health problems. A 2020 study in General Hospital Psychiatry found that 64 percent of nurses in a New York City medical center reported experiencing acute stress. €œAcute stress included symptoms like nightmares, inability to stop thinking about erectile dysfunction treatment, and feeling numb, detached, and on guard,” says study leader Marwah Abdalla, a clinical cardiologist and assistant professor of medicine at Columbia University Medical Center.

€œThis is concerning. We know that if these symptoms persist for more than a month, it can lead to PTSD.” Some nurses experienced PTSD before erectile dysfunction treatment, but the conditions of the viagra have amplified mental health problems. (Credit. Eldar Nurkovic/Shutterstock)A person is diagnosed with PTSD if they meet criteria outlined by the DSM-5, the psychiatric profession’s official manual.

Criteria include experiencing, witnessing or learning about a traumatic event (such as death, serious injury, or sexual violence). Intrusive symptoms like dreams and flashbacks. Avoidance of reminders of the event. Negative changes in thoughts and moods.

And behavioral changes. A person can also develop PTSD if they are repeatedly exposed to details of a traumatic event. Suffering from undiagnosed or untreated PTSD is a life-altering condition with diverse ramifications, and may lead a nurse to leave health care. €œWe’re potentially setting up an occupational health care crisis,” Abdalla says.

€œThis has long-term implications for the health care industry and our ability to deliver adequate health care for our patients.” Carpenter says health care organizations must be proactive with screening nurses for symptoms related to anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Such screenings must be confidential and come with the assurance that a nurse’s license or job will not be compromised. Organizations also need to work to destigmatize mental health diagnosis and treatment. €œHistorically, nurses are always looked upon as the healers and the helpers,” Carpenter says.

€œThey feel they need to be strong for other people. What do you do when the hero needs help?. €For Nurse Still, help never came. She left the Navy and nursing, married, and had three children.

She returned to nursing in the late 1950s after her husband died suddenly and she needed to support her family.Only in the 1990s did she begin speaking about her experiences in interviews with oral historians and documentary producers. She also wrote a memoir, but kept the story light and did not disclose her extensive suffering.The profession has advanced since Nurse Still’s 1940s appeal for mental health support was rejected. €œWe do recognize the full PTSD, compassion fatigue, and burnout of nurses. It’s been chronicled now and we understand it,” Carpenter says.

Now the challenge is encouraging each nurse to seek and receive help. Otherwise, advocates warn, their health and wellbeing will continue to decline, and history may repeat as stressed nurses leave a strained profession. Emilie Le Beau Lucchesi is a journalist in the Chicago area and the author of This is Really War. The Incredible True Story of a Navy Nurse POW in the Occupied Philippines.It’s pretty obvious when a dog is sad.

It might whine or whimper, knit its brow, or turn its big, imploring eyes upward at you. But it would be another thing entirely to see a big tear rolling down your canine companion’s face.Animals simply don’t cry. Or at least, they don’t shed emotional tears. The only creatures who have evolved to do so, it turns out, are humans.

We snivel at sad movies, well up at weddings and blink away hot tears of frustration during arguments. €œWe appear to be the only animal that sheds tears for emotional reasons,” says Randolph Cornelius, a professor of psychological science at Vassar College in New York and an expert on human emotion.There are many theories on the evolution and purpose of emotional tears. Experts even have a few ideas why animals — who do experience emotions — don’t weep like we do. But why we evolved to eject liquid out of our eyes as a signal of distress, rather than some other reaction, is still far from settled.The Biology of CryingFrom a biological perspective, there are three types of tears.

One is basal tears, which our eyes create automatically to lubricate and clean our eyes. These come from our accessory lacrimal glands, located under the eyelids. Then there are reflex tears, which you’re likely acquainted with if you’ve ever cut an onion or been poked in the eye. The third is emotional tears — the only variety that we can control, to some extent.

These latter two types come from lacrimal glands on the upper outside of our eye sockets.“One argument is that [emotional crying] is almost like an emotional reflex as opposed to just a physical reflex,” says Marc Baker, a teaching fellow at the University of Portsmouth in England who researches adult emotional crying.Indeed, some have hypothesized that the purpose of crying is itself just another biological function. For example, biochemist William Frey theorized in the 1980s that crying balances levels of hormones in our body to relieve stress. He also suggested that crying clears our body of toxins, though subsequent studies have largely disproven this. English naturalist Charles Darwin, the father of evolution, believed children cried to experience physical relief from negative emotions.In these theories, crying is something that restores us to equilibrium.

It is the idea of crying as catharsis, or a way to calm ourselves in times of distress. After all, it’s not unusual for people to report feeling better after “a good cry” — but that relief may be coming from unexpected places.The Psychology of CryingPerhaps the most compelling explanation for tearful crying is that it is driven by our social needs. Crying is a distinct visual signal that something is wrong. In an instant, it communicates that someone might need help.

When others attend to the crier, it contributes to a collaborative social environment that is highly complex in humans.Inquiries by Cornelius support this theory of tears as a quick and effective social signal. In a number of studies, he and colleagues showed photographs of faces to participants (under the guise of another purpose) and asked them to interpret the emotion. In some of the photos, people were crying real tears. In others, they had been digitally removed.When shown the pictures with tears, almost every participant labelled the emotion as sadness or grief.

Tear-free crying faces, on the other hand, were confusing. €œWithout the tears, the emotion almost disappears,” Cornelius says. €œTheir judgments of the emotion don't tend to cluster around the ‘sad’ family of emotions — they're all over the place. And in fact, some people say there's no emotion there at all.”This indicated that crying is a strong signal to others of our immediate emotional state.

It’s hard to fake real tears. And as researchers of crying can attest, it’s hard to induce genuine emotional crying in a lab setting — one of the reasons it’s challenging to study.Solving an Evolutionary MysteryFrom an evolutionary perspective, some of our physiological reactions have a clear purpose. It makes sense that we sweat when overheated, raise our voices when angry or tense up in fear. But at a distance, our tearful tendencies are just plain weird.

Someone showing an alien around Earth would have to explain that when humans (and only humans) feel distress or even overwhelming happiness, their faces get slightly wet and puffy.Animals do have lacrimal glands, which they use for reflex tears. But in humans, something seems to have changed somewhere along the way. What started as distress calls that many animals make became connected with the production of tears, and experts still aren’t sure why. €œThere’s no answer, sorry,” Baker says.

But there are a few theories.Clinical psychologist Ad Vingerhoets has suggested that crying might have been more advantageous than other kinds of noises because it suggests submissiveness and harmlessness to would-be predators, who might then reduce their aggression. But that still doesn’t explain the tears themselves or why animals wouldn’t benefit from them in the same way.For that, researchers point toward other, seemingly unrelated hallmarks of human physiology and development that could have led to tears. For one, we walk upright — unlike bears and wolves, who, in their position closer to the ground, rely mostly on smells to signal distress. Perhaps partially because of this, we rely heavily on visual cues to communicate in social situations.

€œFrom a kind of evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that lots of our signals become visual signals, because we are just quite visual animals,” Baker says. We also position ourselves forward. Our faces, then, developed to become the most complex in the animal kingdom — especially on the top half of our face. €œOur kind of facial expressions far exceed almost every other animal, especially around the eyes,” he says.

€œWe can do much more with the top half of our face.”An intricate facial musculature arose, and with it, machinery that could induce crying. Asmir Gračanin, a professor of psychology at the University of Rijeka in Croatia, and colleagues theorized that the orbicularis oculi muscle may have evolved along with our hyper-expressive faces. This eye socket muscle could have squeezed the corneal sensory nerves that trigger the production of tears by the lacrimal gland and proved advantageous to human babies as a call for immediate help.This also fits in with the uniqueness of human babies, who are much more helpless than other baby animals that come out of the womb ready to walk and perform other basic functions. Human babies need more help, cry for assistance and comfort, and then (largely) grow out of crying as adults.But adults still do cry emotional tears — in sadness, happiness, awe or frustration.

€œIt's kind of what makes us human, almost,” says Baker, “[our] ability to share emotions very silently, with a small drop of saline solution from the eye.”The introduction of the contraceptive pill in the 1960s spurred a landmark moment for women, liberating many from the home and propelling them into the world. But this excitement overshadowed the side effects and hazards associated with the pill, which we now know may include a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.“A lot of women are unaware of the cancer risk associated with hormonal birth control because the advent of the pill freed up the lives of women to enter the workforce more effectively,” says Beverly Strassmann, a human evolutionary biologist at the University of Michigan. When radically altering the body with synthetic hormones, you can’t assume there won’t be side effects, she says. But the field hasn’t made significant progress, partly because contraceptives have provided women with tangible benefits.

Sixty years on, pharmaceutical companies are still “resting on their laurels” and need to better evaluate the association between hormonal birth control and cancer, she adds. Research has also linked the pill to depression, decreased sexual desire, anxiety and an altered ability to form emotional memories. Most physicians, however, still don’t closely follow research investigating the links between hormonal birth control and its psychological side effects, says evolutionary psychologist Sarah Hill, author of How the Pill Changes Everything. Your Brain on Birth Control.

€œMost medication doesn’t look at the full spectrum of side effects in the way people experience the world. It’s not even in physicians’ peripheral vision,” Hill says. But women want the next birth control revolution. Younger women especially seek non-hormonal options, Hill says.

€œA lot of women aren’t being served, and many are on the pill even though they don’t love it — their standards are low because there’s so few good options,” she says. In recent years, contraception apps have attracted a rise in users, which may suggest that many women no longer tolerate the impacts of hormonal birth control on their bodies. But these apps have faced criticism over their efficacy. A New Kind of PillAnother possibility.

A non-hormonal pill. Now, University of Connecticut physiologist and geneticist Jianjun Sun is wading through the unknowns to formulate it.“We know that, in humans, the ovulation process is triggered by a hormone surge, but how the egg is released is very precise. The menstrual cycle is very tightly controlled and there are a lot of unknowns in this area,” he says. Sun does know that when a person ovulates, an egg that’s contained within a follicle bursts out of the ovary and sets off down the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized.

He’s hoping to formulate a drug that stops the follicle from rupturing and releasing the egg. Shutting off ovulation isn’t a new concept — hormonal contraception does this by tricking the body into thinking users aren’t pregnant. But he seeks a new way to halt egg release without the use of synthetic hormones. Crucially, Sun has devised a way to analyze different compounds without relying on human subjects (which would complicate the process).

He realized that fruit flies ovulate in a similar way to people, and the fly’s ovulation process resembles that within mice. As this research took off, the Gates Foundation had begun supporting scientists developing non-hormonal contraceptives. The organization has funded Sun to test compounds on flies. Now, Sun is screening up to 500 compounds daily to see which ones prevent follicles from rupturing and releasing eggs.

€œThe Gates are very excited now. They’re trying to get us to find the target, then we can study this target using genetic tools,” he says. Researchers could test the drug in humans eventually, Sun says. Unlike hormonal pills, users wouldn’t need to take it daily.

To inhibit ovulation, you only need to take it for a week or so before the process begins.While this sounds tempting, many people don’t know when exactly they ovulate — and only 10 to 15 percent of women experience 28-day cycles. And because the drug concept is so new, researchers aren’t sure what dosing might look like. €œIt’s still hypothetical in terms of how to use contraceptives targeting ovulation, since there’s no products on the market,” Sun says. A Dearth of ResearchDespite the many unknowns, experts seem receptive to any new research in hormonal birth control alternatives.

In recent years, few studies have taken on this challenge.Hormonal contraceptives dominate at a time when, researchers argue, scientific and technological advances bring unprecedented opportunities for new drugs across medical fields. If Sun’s research is fruitful, it could attract more funding for other researchers working on these alternatives, says Bethan Swift, a PhD student at the University of Oxford who studies the epidemiology of women’s health. €œOne big barrier to developing new contraception is that existing options work,” Swift says, “So there’s little demand from the pharmaceutical industry to put money into creating new compounds.” This shortage of funds places significant pressure on Sun. The Gates Foundation hopes that at least one drug will hit the market by 2026, he says.

But the bar for birth control approval is uniquely high. Because it isn’t meant to alleviate an illness, possible side effects may not be worth the trade-off versus, for example, cancer treatments. It will probably take between five and 10 years before a new drug is available, Sun says. “Developing new contraception isn’t easy because they’re going to healthy women, unlike other drugs, where it’s more accepted that there will be side effects,” Sun says.

The final drug will likely cause some side effects, but fewer than hormone-based contraceptives, he notes. However, Hill is concerned that the end product could still affect the body’s natural hormone levels.Our bodies produce most sex hormones via ovulation, and high levels of estrogen propel monthly egg maturation. After an egg is released, the empty follicle releases progesterone — so levels would fall fairly low if you prevent ovulation, she says. €œStopping ovulation sounds perfect, but if you understand that’s how the body makes hormones, you’d realize it’s not a panacea.”This article contains affiliate links to products.

Discover may receive a commission for purchases made through these links.Did you know that sleeping in a zero-gravity position may help alleviate symptoms from improve sleep disorders, relieve neck and back pain, and allow for better circulation and heart health?. An adjustable bed frame allows you to place your body in a zero-gravity position to enjoy all of these benefits and more as you sleep comfortably with optimal support throughout the night. If you’ve been considering getting an adjustable bed, you’re not alone. Many individuals are making the switch to enhance their comfort, improve their health, and, of course, to enjoy more restful sleep.

Deciding which adjustable bed frame is right for you can be challenging. The market is overflowing with options, and sorting through all these choices can be overwhelming. Fortunately, our best adjustable beds reviews below can help you focus your search, narrow down your choices, and select the right model to help you mitigate sleep disorders, to sleep more comfortably, and to wake up feeling more rested. What is Zero Gravity?.

Zero gravity refers to a specific position where the body is a state of weightlessness. NASA actually developed this term for astronauts to help them find the ideal position to keep their weight balanced and neutralized as they flew into space. Being in a zero-gravity position prevents gravity from affecting your body, which means that nothing is pulling your body down. Your body is in a zero-gravity position when.

When your body is in the zero-gravity position, it should look like a V shape. This alignment helps ensure that your weight is distributed evenly. As you can imagine, sleeping in this V-shaped position on a standard bed frame isn’t possible. However, adjustable bed frames enable you to sleep in a zero-gravity position and prevent your body’s weight from placing pressure on your hips, spine, and other joints.

Sleeping in a zero-gravity position offers a myriad of benefits. We’ll explore these benefits in the next section. Benefits of Sleeping in a Zero-Gravity Position with an Adjustable Bed Frame Adjustable beds have been used in hospitals for over a century due to their ability to properly position patients to facilitate recovery and reduce complications from surgeries and other medical procedures. If adjustable beds can protect the health of patients in a hospital, then it seems like a logical conclusion that they can also offer health benefits for individuals who use them at home.

Indeed, there are many ways switching to an adjustable bed frame and sleeping in a zero-gravity position can benefit your health. These include. While some individuals snore every night, others are more prone to it only when they are congested. Adjustable beds can also help reduce snoring caused by congestion because keeping the head elevated can allow the sinuses to drain.

Reduced sleep apnea. An adjustable bed may also reduce sleep apnea symptoms. Sleep apnea, which occurs when an individual stops breathing during sleep, is also sometimes the result of an obstructed airway. Elevating the head may open up the airway enough to prevent or lessen sleep apnea, allowing individuals get more restful sleep.

Relief from neck, back, and joint pain. Sleeping in a zero-gravity position can significantly increase your comfort and reduce your pain. The reason for this benefit is that when you’re in the zero-gravity position, your weight is evenly distributed. This improved distribution of weight takes the pressure of your back, neck, and joints, which is often the main cause of pain.

Laying on a flat mattress, on the other hand, does not allow your weight to be evenly distributed. This places unnecessary pressure on the spinal column and can result in a significant pain and discomfort. Adjustable beds may provide relief from pain caused from sciatica, fibromyalgia, arthritis, scoliosis, and other conditions. Improved circulation.

Sleeping in a zero-gravity position allows more blood to flow to the heart. This increase of blood flow reaching the heart makes its muscles work harder to pump that blood throughout the body. Increased blood circulation can improve the overall health of your heart and other vital organs. Decreased swelling.

Another benefit of improved circulation is decreased swelling. When the body lays flat, blood and other fluids may accumulate the in the lower body since the heart isn’t able to keep blood flowing effectively. This can result in inflammation or swelling. However, with the increased blood flow that results from sleeping in a zero-gravity position, fluids won’t accumulate in the extremities, and swelling may be reduced.

Improved digestion. Digestion can also be improved by sleeping on an adjustable bed frame. Sleeping flat can make it more difficult for the body to digest food properly. Sleeping flat can also aggravate acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Elevating the head about six inches can reduce these symptoms. This position removes pressure from the digestive track and makes it more difficult for stomach acids to go up into the throat. Better breathing. When you sleep in the zero-gravity position, the pressure placed on your lungs and airway is reduced.

As a result, your body can breathe more easily and can limit the impact asthma, allergies, and congestion can have on your sleep. Best Adjustable Bed Reviews Whether you’re looking for the best split king adjustable bed reviews or the best adjustable twin, queen, or full bed frames, we have you covered. We have selected some of the top models currently available that will help you stay comfortable while you sleep and will enable you to enjoy the benefits described above. Read on to discover which adjustable bed frame is right for you.

GhostBed Adjustable Base If you’re looking for an adjustable bed frame with luxury features for a budget-friendly price, consider the GhostBed Adjustable Base. This fully-adjustable frame allows you to customize your position for ultimate comfort. The fully adjustable head and foot sections allow for an unlimited number of options, including a zero-gravity position. This bed frame also offers 15 head and foot massage modes to deliver additional comfort and relaxation.

Furthermore, it is equipped with two USB ports on each side to allow for easy charging and convenient access to electronic devices. Under-bed LED lights are also integrated into the design to provide soft lighting if you wake up in the middle of the night. The included backlit remote makes it easy to adjust the bed to the ideal position for sleeping or relaxing. Use the foot and head up/down buttons to move the frame to the exact position you desire.

The remote can also save your favorite position for sleeping and return you to it with just a press of a button. Additionally, the remote offers preset positions for zero-gravity, watching TV, and lounging. With the remote, you can even control the under-bed lighting and turn on the head or foot massage and adjust their intensity. The GhostBed Adjustable Base features a sturdy steel frame.

It also has a retainer bar and non-skid surface to ensure the mattress stays in place. This adjustable bed frame is available in twin XL, queen, and split king sizes. Split king adjustable beds offer the added benefit of allowing each partner to customize their own position. All orders include free shipping and a limited lifetime warranty.

Puffy Adjustable Base Premium The Adjustable Base Premium from Puffy Sleep is another top contender when you’re looking for the best adjustable bed frame. The head on this model adjusts up to 60 degrees and the legs adjust up to 45 degrees to help each individual find their most comfortable sleeping position. The adjustable bed frame from Puffy Sleep is available in twin, twin XL, full, queen, king, and split-king sizes. Use the included remote to customize your position whether reading a book in bed, watching TV, or drifting off to dreamland.

The remote also has a memory feature that can save your favorite position. Some of the other remote settings include zero gravity, watching TV, and anti-snore. Puffy Sleep has some of the best split king adjustable beds reviews. With the split king adjustable frame, you and a partner can each set the bed to the position that is most comfortable for you.

This can help ensure that each of you get the restorative sleep that need. For a nominal additional fee, you can upgrade the Puffy Sleep Adjustable Base to include head and food massage features and dual USB ports for charging electronic devices. This adjustable frame is constructed from coated metal for lasting durability. Each purchase is protected by a 10-year warranty and includes free shipping.

Layla Adjustable Base Plus This motorized and fully adjustable base from Layla Sleep also has a lot to offer users. It is available in twin XL, queen, king, and split king sizes. A wireless remote is included with the frame for easy operation. The remote includes preset buttons for moving the frame to zero-gravity, anti-snore, or flat positions.

You can also set the remote to remember up to three of your preferred positions. A mobile app is available for controlling the bed frame with a smartphone or tablet, and the frame is even compatible with Amazon’s Alexa and the Google Assistant for voice command operations. Layla Sleep incorporated some upgraded features into the design of this frame. The frame features dual-zone vibrating massage motors at the head and foot of the frame.

There are three massage intensities to choose from, as well as an auto-shutoff timer to stop the vibrations at a set time. Each side of the frame features two ports to keep your devices charged and within easy reach. Some of the other notable features of this adjustable bed frame include the under-bed lighting and wall-hugging technology that keeps the head of the bed at the same distance from the wall regardless of the incline angle. Layla Sleep backs this bed frame with a 10-year warranty.

They also offer free-shipping and a 30-night money-back guarantee. Sweet Night Tranquil Adjustable Bed Frame Last, but certainly not least, we also think you’ll love the Tranquil Adjustable Bed Frame from Sweet Night. Available in twin XL, full, queen, and split California king sizes, this bed frame delivers the ability to tailor your position for enhanced comfort. Adjust the head incline between 0 and 60 degrees and the foot incline between 0 and 40 degrees for a nearly endless number of positioning options.

The Tranquil Adjustable Bed Frame from Sweet Night can be controlled using the included wireless remote or with an app on your smartphone or tablet. Use the remote or app to adjust the head and foot inclines or to select one of the preset positions including anti-snore, zero gravity, watching TV, or lying down flat. In addition to allowing you to adjust your position, this bed frame includes some other helpful and impressive features. Each side of the frame offers dual USB ports for charging your phone, tablet, or other devices.

There is also a pocket on each side to hold a smartphone and keep it within easy reach. Remote-controlled LED under-bed lights, provide low lighting if needed at night or in the morning. The frame is made using a sturdy aluminum alloy that can support up to 705 pounds. All orders include free shipping and free returns.

Adjustable Bed Frame Buying Guide If you’re interested in taking advantage of all the benefits associated with using an adjustable bed frame, it is imperative to note that each model is slightly different. There are a number of important considerations to keep in mind as you shop for an adjustable bed frame. Read through our buying guide below to learn more about these considerations and choose the best adjustable bed frame to match your needs. Mattress Compatibility If you’re planning to use your existing mattress, the first thing you should do is to confirm compatibility.

Most adjustable bed frames are designed to be compatible with different mattress brands, but some manufacturers recommend only using their mattresses on their proprietary frames. Keep in mind that most innerspring mattresses are too inflexible to work well with an adjustable frame. Hybrid, foam, or latex mattresses are more flexible and will work best. Size After determining if your current mattress is compatible with the bed frame or if you need to purchase a new mattress with your new bed frame, then you will need to evaluate if each model is available in your desired sire.

Obviously, the bed frame must match the size of the mattress you are planning to use on it, so you won’t want to waste your time looking at a model that isn’t even available in your preferred size. Settings and Operation Before making a purchase, look at the range of motion of each bed frame. Some adjustable bed frames offer more adjustability than others. This flexibility, or lack of it, could certainly make one model more appealing than another.

The head can often be elevated between 60 and 80 degrees, while the range of motion for the lower portion of the mattress is typically between 30 and 40 degrees. If there is a specific angle you’d prefer, then confirm it is possible with each bed frame you’re considering. Next, look at how easy it will be to adjust the bed frame. Does it include a remote control?.

Are there any preset positions or memory features?. Can you download an app to control the bed frame using a smart device?. Additional Features Some manufacturers include additional features to make their adjustable bed frames more user-friendly. These features may include heat and massage functions, under-bed lighting, USB charging ports, and built-in speakers.

If any of these features are important to you, look for a manufacturer that integrates them into their design of their adjustable bed frame. Frequently Asked Questions Can you use a regular mattress on an adjustable bed frame?. Yes, most regular mattresses can be used on an adjustable bed frame. Many frames are compatible with latex, foam, and hybrid mattresses.

Unfortunately, most innerspring mattresses are too rigid to move with an adjustable frame. What is a split king adjustable bed?. Split king adjustable beds allow the right and left sides to adjust independently of one another. This means that each partner can elevate their head and feet to their exact comfort level without needing to make compromises with their partner.

Are adjustable beds worth the additional cost?. This is a personal question that will come down to your priorities and financial situation. Many people find that adjustable beds are worth the additional cost due to how much better they sleep and all the other health benefits they offer, such as reduced back and neck pain, better circulation, decreased swelling, and improved digestion. Split king adjustable beds can be particularly beneficial for partners who prefer different sleeping positions or who are facing different health issues.

With a split king adjustable bed, each partner can independently adjust their own side of the bed. How can you get into a zero-gravity position with an adjustable bed?. You need to elevate your legs and feet to a higher level than your head and your heart to achieve a zero-gravity position. This position alleviates pressure placed on your joints to relieve back pain and is also beneficial for improving the body’s circulation.

How do you keep sheets on an adjustable bed?. When shopping for sheets for an adjustable bed, the first thing to do is to check the depth of the mattress and confirm that the pocket-depth of the fitted sheet is sufficient for a proper fit. Choosing a sheet that is not deep enough for your mattress will almost certainly cause the corners to slip off as the bed adjusts. When making the bed, tuck the edges of the flat sheet under the mattress.

You can also find some flat sheets that include corner straps. These corner straps grip on to the fitted sheet and will help ensure that the flat sheet stays in place. If these ideas still don’t work, sheet suspenders are another option. A sheet suspender is a large band designed to ensure a flat sheet doesn’t slip off a mattress..

This article appeared in the September/October 2021 issue of Discover https://actio-rae.de/cialis-20mg-price-usa/ magazine as "Frontline Fatigue." Become a subscriber for unlimited access to our archive.In February 1945, U.S buy viagra without a prescription. Navy nurse Dorothy Still was a prisoner of war in the Japanese-occupied Philippines. Along with 11 other Navy nurses, Nurse Still provided care for civilian inmates buy viagra without a prescription in a prison camp where food was scarce and guards were brutal.

Few inmates weighed more than 100 pounds, and most were dying from malnutrition. On the night of Feb. 22, Nurse buy viagra without a prescription Still and the other inmates watched as their captors set up guns around the perimeter of the camp and turned the barrels inward.

Other guards dug shallow graves. The inmates had long suspected the camp commander planned to massacre them all, and it seemed the rumors were coming true. Yet Nurse Still and another Navy nurse reported buy viagra without a prescription to the infirmary for the night shift.

They had little medicine or food to offer their patients. Comfort and kindness were all they had left to give. Nurse Still heard gunfire the next morning buy viagra without a prescription at dawn and assumed the massacre had begun.

She steeled herself to glance out the infirmary window and saw parachutes gliding to the ground. Liberation had come just in time!. U.S buy viagra without a prescription.

And Filipino forces swiftly evacuated the 2,400 inmates to safety. But that wasn’t the end of Nurse Still’s journey. She was haunted by buy viagra without a prescription the horrors she witnessed in the prison camp, and the trauma stuck with her for the rest of her life.

Now nursing leaders and advocates are saying the problem of not addressing nurses’ mental health needs has again reached a critical point. Nurses have been on the front lines of the erectile dysfunction treatment crisis, but most aren’t receiving comprehensive mental health screening or treatment. Nursing advocacy groups and scholars who study PTSD in nursing warn that leaving nurses’ mental health needs untreated could lead to a nursing shortage, much as it did after World War II.Taken as prisoners of war in 1942, Dorothy Still and 11 other buy viagra without a prescription Navy nurses provided medical care in the midst of brutal suffering at Los Baños Internment Camp.

(Credit. Courtesy of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery) Suffering in Silence Back in the States, Nurse Still was tasked with speaking at war bond drives about the three years she was a prisoner of war. She found the experience troubling and requested a transfer to Panama, but her memories followed her buy viagra without a prescription to her new post.

At times, she was depressed. Other times, she couldn’t stop thinking about all she had endured. She sometimes cried without provocation and struggled to stop buy viagra without a prescription crying once she had started.

On advice of her fiancé, she booked an appointment with a naval physician. During her appointment, Nurse Still told the physician she had been a prisoner of war for more than three years, and asked for a medical discharge based on the trauma she was experiencing. The doctor asked buy viagra without a prescription when Nurse Still was liberated.

The date was the same as the raising of the flag at Iwo Jima. The physician said those men were heroes, but Nurse Still was a woman and a nurse, and therefore, did not suffer. Denied treatment, Nurse buy viagra without a prescription Still left the appointment shaking.

She vowed she would keep her pain to herself. The Navy nurses weren’t the only medical care providers taken prisoner during WWII. Sixty-six U.S buy viagra without a prescription.

Army nurses as well as hundreds of physicians, pharmacists, and medical assistants were also held captive in the South Pacific. But at the end of the war, as the U.S. Prepared to welcome home buy viagra without a prescription millions of men and women who served their country, mental health treatment was limited — and reserved for men.

Nurses, it was assumed, did not suffer. At the time, the U.S. Military was the largest employer of nurses, and it had established an expected code of buy viagra without a prescription silence regarding how nurses responded to their own trauma.

In 1947, an article in the American Journal of Psychiatry claimed a military hospital was a controlled environment that insulated nurses from the brutality of war. The study’s author claimed that nurses’ mental health needs were “less complex,” and that nursing fulfilled women by catering to their natural instinct to care for men. €œThey were supplying a service which gratified the passive buy viagra without a prescription needs of men.

And which identified these women with the mother, the wife, or the sweetheart back home.”Many nurses, including Nurse Still, responded to the lack of mental health treatment by leaving both the military and nursing. The late 1940s saw a shortage in nurses at time when hospital admissions rose by 26 percent. The shortage persisted until buy viagra without a prescription the late 1960s when wages began to increase.After three years as POWs, the Navy nurses were liberated in 1945.

Here, they speak with Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid after their release, and are shown next to the aircraft that brought them from the South Pacific to Hawaii. (Credit.

U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery)A Looming Crisis The erectile dysfunction treatment viagra has meant that for the first time since WWII, the vast majority of U.S. Nurses are embroiled in fighting a common enemy.

It’s a demanding and emotional battle that advocates say adds a deeper stress to an already taxing job.Across the country, nurses have been caring for patients dying from erectile dysfunction treatment who do not have the support of family at their bedside due to visitor restrictions. €œThe nurses are often the ones who are serving as the loved one and helping the patient navigate the end-of-life journey,” says Holly Carpenter, a senior policy advisor with the American Nurses Association. In addition to caring for dying erectile dysfunction treatment patients, Carpenter says, many nurses were not properly equipped at the height of the viagra with the personal protection equipment needed to avoid .

These nurses lived in fear of being infected or transmitting the viagra to loved ones at home. And on top of these stressors, nurses are also still coping with the usual demands of the job. €œThere are the things that have always been there — long shifts, sometimes mandatory overtime, a workload that’s heavier than you’re comfortable with, having to work through breaks or lunchtime, having to come in early and stay late,” Carpenter says.

Prior to the viagra, studies estimated that as many as half of critical-care nurses experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since the viagra began, researchers have found the crisis has amplified symptoms of mental health problems. A 2020 study in General Hospital Psychiatry found that 64 percent of nurses in a New York City medical center reported experiencing acute stress.

€œAcute stress included symptoms like nightmares, inability to stop thinking about erectile dysfunction treatment, and feeling numb, detached, and on guard,” says study leader Marwah Abdalla, a clinical cardiologist and assistant professor of medicine at Columbia University Medical Center. €œThis is concerning. We know that if these symptoms persist for more than a month, it can lead to PTSD.” Some nurses experienced PTSD before erectile dysfunction treatment, but the conditions of the viagra have amplified mental health problems.

(Credit. Eldar Nurkovic/Shutterstock)A person is diagnosed with PTSD if they meet criteria outlined by the DSM-5, the psychiatric profession’s official manual. Criteria include experiencing, witnessing or learning about a traumatic event (such as death, serious injury, or sexual violence).

Intrusive symptoms like dreams and flashbacks. Avoidance of reminders of the event. Negative changes in thoughts and moods.

And behavioral changes. A person can also develop PTSD if they are repeatedly exposed to details of a traumatic event. Suffering from undiagnosed or untreated PTSD is a life-altering condition with diverse ramifications, and may lead a nurse to leave health care.

€œWe’re potentially setting up an occupational health care crisis,” Abdalla says. €œThis has long-term implications for the health care industry and our ability to deliver adequate health care for our patients.” Carpenter says health care organizations must be proactive with screening nurses for symptoms related to anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Such screenings must be confidential and come with the assurance that a nurse’s license or job will not be compromised.

Organizations also need to work to destigmatize mental health diagnosis and treatment. €œHistorically, nurses are always looked upon as the healers and the helpers,” Carpenter says. €œThey feel they need to be strong for other people.

What do you do when the hero needs help?. €For Nurse Still, help never came. She left the Navy and nursing, married, and had three children.

She returned to nursing in the late 1950s after her husband died suddenly and she needed to support her family.Only in the 1990s did she begin speaking about her experiences in interviews with oral historians and documentary producers. She also wrote a memoir, but kept the story light and did not disclose her extensive suffering.The profession has advanced since Nurse Still’s 1940s appeal for mental health support was rejected. €œWe do recognize the full PTSD, compassion fatigue, and burnout of nurses.

It’s been chronicled now and we understand it,” Carpenter says. Now the challenge is encouraging each nurse to seek and receive help. Otherwise, advocates warn, their health and wellbeing will continue to decline, and history may repeat as stressed nurses leave a strained profession.

Emilie Le Beau Lucchesi is a journalist in the Chicago area and the author of This is Really War. The Incredible True Story of a Navy Nurse POW in the Occupied Philippines.It’s pretty obvious when a dog is sad. It might whine or whimper, knit its brow, or turn its big, imploring eyes upward at you.

But it would be another thing entirely to see a big tear rolling down your canine companion’s face.Animals simply don’t cry. Or at least, they don’t shed emotional tears. The only creatures who have evolved to do so, it turns out, are humans.

We snivel at sad movies, well up at weddings and blink away hot tears of frustration during arguments. €œWe appear to be the only animal that sheds tears for emotional reasons,” says Randolph Cornelius, a professor of psychological science at Vassar College in New York and an expert on human emotion.There are many theories on the evolution and purpose of emotional tears. Experts even have a few ideas why animals — who do experience emotions — don’t weep like we do.

But why we evolved to eject liquid out of our eyes as a signal of distress, rather than some other reaction, is still far from settled.The Biology of CryingFrom a biological perspective, there are three types of tears. One is basal tears, which our eyes create automatically to lubricate and clean our eyes. These come from our accessory lacrimal glands, located under the eyelids.

Then there are reflex tears, which you’re likely acquainted with if you’ve ever cut an onion or been poked in the eye. The third is emotional tears — the only variety that we can control, to some extent. These latter two types come from lacrimal glands on the upper outside of our eye sockets.“One argument is that [emotional crying] is almost like an emotional reflex as opposed to just a physical reflex,” says Marc Baker, a teaching fellow at the University of Portsmouth in England who researches adult emotional crying.Indeed, some have hypothesized that the purpose of crying is itself just another biological function.

For example, biochemist William Frey theorized in the 1980s that crying balances levels of hormones in our body to relieve stress. He also suggested that crying clears our body of toxins, though subsequent studies have largely disproven this. English naturalist Charles Darwin, the father of evolution, believed children cried to experience physical relief from negative emotions.In these theories, crying is something that restores us to equilibrium.

It is the idea of crying as catharsis, or a way to calm ourselves in times of distress. After all, it’s not unusual for people to report feeling better after “a good cry” — but that relief may be coming from unexpected places.The Psychology of CryingPerhaps the most compelling explanation for tearful crying is that it is driven by our social needs. Crying is a distinct visual signal that something is wrong.

In an instant, it communicates that someone might need help. When others attend to the crier, it contributes to a collaborative social environment that is highly complex in humans.Inquiries by Cornelius support this theory of tears as a quick and effective social signal. In a number of studies, he and colleagues showed photographs of faces to participants (under the guise of another purpose) and asked them to interpret the emotion.

In some of the photos, people were crying real tears. In others, they had been digitally removed.When shown the pictures with tears, almost every participant labelled the emotion as sadness or grief. Tear-free crying faces, on the other hand, were confusing.

€œWithout the tears, the emotion almost disappears,” Cornelius says. €œTheir judgments of the emotion don't tend to cluster around the ‘sad’ family of emotions — they're all over the place. And in fact, some people say there's no emotion there at all.”This indicated that crying is a strong signal to others of our immediate emotional state.

It’s hard to fake real tears. And as researchers of crying can attest, it’s hard to induce genuine emotional crying in a lab setting — one of the reasons it’s challenging to study.Solving an Evolutionary MysteryFrom an evolutionary perspective, some of our physiological reactions have a clear purpose. It makes sense that we sweat when overheated, raise our voices when angry or tense up in fear.

But at a distance, our tearful tendencies are just plain weird. Someone showing an alien around Earth would have to explain that when humans (and only humans) feel distress or even overwhelming happiness, their faces get slightly wet and puffy.Animals do have lacrimal glands, which they use for reflex tears. But in humans, something seems to have changed somewhere along the way.

What started as distress calls that many animals make became connected with the production of tears, and experts still aren’t sure why. €œThere’s no answer, sorry,” Baker says. But there are a few theories.Clinical psychologist Ad Vingerhoets has suggested that crying might have been more advantageous than other kinds of noises because it suggests submissiveness and harmlessness to would-be predators, who might then reduce their aggression.

But that still doesn’t explain the tears themselves or why animals wouldn’t benefit from them in the same way.For that, researchers point toward other, seemingly unrelated hallmarks of human physiology and development that could have led to tears. For one, we walk upright — unlike bears and wolves, who, in their position closer to the ground, rely mostly on smells to signal distress. Perhaps partially because of this, we rely heavily on visual cues to communicate in social situations.

€œFrom a kind of evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that lots of our signals become visual signals, because we are just quite visual animals,” Baker says. We also position ourselves forward. Our faces, then, developed to become the most complex in the animal kingdom — especially on the top half of our face.

€œOur kind of facial expressions far exceed almost every other animal, especially around the eyes,” he says. €œWe can do much more with the top half of our face.”An intricate facial musculature arose, and with it, machinery that could induce crying. Asmir Gračanin, a professor of psychology at the University of Rijeka in Croatia, and colleagues theorized that the orbicularis oculi muscle may have evolved along with our hyper-expressive faces.

This eye socket muscle could have squeezed the corneal sensory nerves that trigger the production of tears by the lacrimal gland and proved advantageous to human babies as a call for immediate help.This also fits in with the uniqueness of human babies, who are much more helpless than other baby animals that come out of the womb ready to walk and perform other basic functions. Human babies need more help, cry for assistance and comfort, and then (largely) grow out of crying as adults.But adults still do cry emotional tears — in sadness, happiness, awe or frustration. €œIt's kind of what makes us human, almost,” says Baker, “[our] ability to share emotions very silently, with a small drop of saline solution from the eye.”The introduction of the contraceptive pill in the 1960s spurred a landmark moment for women, liberating many from the home and propelling them into the world.

But this excitement overshadowed the side effects and hazards associated with the pill, which we now know may include a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.“A lot of women are unaware of the cancer risk associated with hormonal birth control because the advent of the pill freed up the lives of women to enter the workforce more effectively,” says Beverly Strassmann, a human evolutionary biologist at the University of Michigan. When radically altering the body with synthetic hormones, you can’t assume there won’t be side effects, she says. But the field hasn’t made significant progress, partly because contraceptives have provided women with tangible benefits.

Sixty years on, pharmaceutical companies are still “resting on their laurels” and need to better evaluate the association between hormonal birth control and cancer, she adds. Research has also linked the pill to depression, decreased sexual desire, anxiety and an altered ability to form emotional memories. Most physicians, however, still don’t closely follow research investigating the links between hormonal birth control and its psychological side effects, says evolutionary psychologist Sarah Hill, author of How the Pill Changes Everything.

Your Brain on Birth Control. €œMost medication doesn’t look at the full spectrum of side effects in the way people experience the world. It’s not even in physicians’ peripheral vision,” Hill says.

But women want the next birth control revolution. Younger women especially seek non-hormonal options, Hill says. €œA lot of women aren’t being served, and many are on the pill even though they don’t love it — their standards are low because there’s so few good options,” she says.

In recent years, contraception apps have attracted a rise in users, which may suggest that many women no longer tolerate the impacts of hormonal birth control on their bodies. But these apps have faced criticism over their efficacy. A New Kind of PillAnother possibility.

A non-hormonal pill. Now, University of Connecticut physiologist and geneticist Jianjun Sun is wading through the unknowns to formulate it.“We know that, in humans, the ovulation process is triggered by a hormone surge, but how the egg is released is very precise. The menstrual cycle is very tightly controlled and there are a lot of unknowns in this area,” he says.

Sun does know that when a person ovulates, an egg that’s contained within a follicle bursts out of the ovary and sets off down the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized. He’s hoping to formulate a drug that stops the follicle from rupturing and releasing the egg. Shutting off ovulation isn’t a new concept — hormonal contraception does this by tricking the body into thinking users aren’t pregnant.

But he seeks a new way to halt egg release without the use of synthetic hormones. Crucially, Sun has devised a way to analyze different compounds without relying on human subjects (which would complicate the process). He realized that fruit flies ovulate in a similar way to people, and the fly’s ovulation process resembles that within mice.

As this research took off, the Gates Foundation had begun supporting scientists developing non-hormonal contraceptives. The organization has funded Sun to test compounds on flies. Now, Sun is screening up to 500 compounds daily to see which ones prevent follicles from rupturing and releasing eggs.

€œThe Gates are very excited now. They’re trying to get us to find the target, then we can study this target using genetic tools,” he says. Researchers could test the drug in humans eventually, Sun says.

Unlike hormonal pills, users wouldn’t need to take it daily. To inhibit ovulation, you only need to take it for a week or so before the process begins.While this sounds tempting, many people don’t know when exactly they ovulate — and only 10 to 15 percent of women experience 28-day cycles. And because the drug concept is so new, researchers aren’t sure what dosing might look like.

€œIt’s still hypothetical in terms of how to use contraceptives targeting ovulation, since there’s no products on the market,” Sun says. A Dearth of ResearchDespite the many unknowns, experts seem receptive to any new research in hormonal birth control alternatives. In recent years, few studies have taken on this challenge.Hormonal contraceptives dominate at a time when, researchers argue, scientific and technological advances bring unprecedented opportunities for new drugs across medical fields.

If Sun’s research is fruitful, it could attract more funding for other researchers working on these alternatives, says Bethan Swift, a PhD student at the University of Oxford who studies the epidemiology of women’s health. €œOne big barrier to developing new contraception is that existing options work,” Swift says, “So there’s little demand from the pharmaceutical industry to put money into creating new compounds.” This shortage of funds places significant pressure on Sun. The Gates Foundation hopes that at least one drug will hit the market by 2026, he says.

But the bar for birth control approval is uniquely high. Because it isn’t meant to alleviate an illness, possible side effects may not be worth the trade-off versus, for example, cancer treatments. It will probably take between five and 10 years before a new drug is available, Sun says.

“Developing new contraception isn’t easy because they’re going to healthy women, unlike other drugs, where it’s more accepted that there will be side effects,” Sun says. The final drug will likely cause some side effects, but fewer than hormone-based contraceptives, he notes. However, Hill is concerned that the end product could still affect the body’s natural hormone levels.Our bodies produce most sex hormones via ovulation, and high levels of estrogen propel monthly egg maturation.

After an egg is released, the empty follicle releases progesterone — so levels would fall fairly low if you prevent ovulation, she says. €œStopping ovulation sounds perfect, but if you understand that’s how the body makes hormones, you’d realize it’s not a panacea.”This article contains affiliate links to products. Discover may receive a commission for purchases made through these links.Did you know that sleeping in a zero-gravity position may help alleviate symptoms from improve sleep disorders, relieve neck and back pain, and allow for better circulation and heart health?.

An adjustable bed frame allows you to place your body in a zero-gravity position to enjoy all of these benefits and more as you sleep comfortably with optimal support throughout the night. If you’ve been considering getting an adjustable bed, you’re not alone. Many individuals are making the switch to enhance their comfort, improve their health, and, of course, to enjoy more restful sleep.

Deciding which adjustable bed frame is right for you can be challenging. The market is overflowing with options, and sorting through all these choices can be overwhelming. Fortunately, our best adjustable beds reviews below can help you focus your search, narrow down your choices, and select the right model to help you mitigate sleep disorders, to sleep more comfortably, and to wake up feeling more rested.

What is Zero Gravity?. Zero gravity refers to a specific position where the body is a state of weightlessness. NASA actually developed this term for astronauts to help them find the ideal position to keep their weight balanced and neutralized as they flew into space.

Being in a zero-gravity position prevents gravity from affecting your body, which means that nothing is pulling your body down. Your body is in a zero-gravity position when. When your body is in the zero-gravity position, it should look like a V shape.

This alignment helps ensure that your weight is distributed evenly. As you can imagine, sleeping in this V-shaped position on a standard bed frame isn’t possible. However, adjustable bed frames enable you to sleep in a zero-gravity position and prevent your body’s weight from placing pressure on your hips, spine, and other joints.

Sleeping in a zero-gravity position offers a myriad of benefits. We’ll explore these benefits in the next section. Benefits of Sleeping in a Zero-Gravity Position with an Adjustable Bed Frame Adjustable beds have been used in hospitals for over a century due to their ability to properly position patients to facilitate recovery and reduce complications from surgeries and other medical procedures.

If adjustable beds can protect the health of patients in a hospital, then it seems like a logical conclusion that they can also offer health benefits for individuals who use them at home. Indeed, there are many ways switching to an adjustable bed frame and sleeping in a zero-gravity position can benefit your health. These include.

While some individuals snore every night, others are more prone to it only when they are congested. Adjustable beds can also help reduce snoring caused by congestion because keeping the head elevated can allow the sinuses to drain. Reduced sleep apnea.

An adjustable bed may also reduce sleep apnea symptoms. Sleep apnea, which occurs when an individual stops breathing during sleep, is also sometimes the result of an obstructed airway. Elevating the head may open up the airway enough to prevent or lessen sleep apnea, allowing individuals get more restful sleep.

Relief from neck, back, and joint pain. Sleeping in a zero-gravity position can significantly increase your comfort and reduce your pain. The reason for this benefit is that when you’re in the zero-gravity position, your weight is evenly distributed.

This improved distribution of weight takes the pressure of your back, neck, and joints, which is often the main cause of pain. Laying on a flat mattress, on the other hand, does not allow your weight to be evenly distributed. This places unnecessary pressure on the spinal column and can result in a significant pain and discomfort.

Adjustable beds may provide relief from pain caused from sciatica, fibromyalgia, arthritis, scoliosis, and other conditions. Improved circulation. Sleeping in a zero-gravity position allows more blood to flow to the heart.

This increase of blood flow reaching the heart makes its muscles work harder to pump that blood throughout the body. Increased blood circulation can improve the overall health of your heart and other vital organs. Decreased swelling.

Another benefit of improved circulation is decreased swelling. When the body lays flat, blood and other fluids may accumulate the in the lower body since the heart isn’t able to keep blood flowing effectively. This can result in inflammation or swelling.

However, with the increased blood flow that results from sleeping in a zero-gravity position, fluids won’t accumulate in the extremities, and swelling may be reduced. Improved digestion. Digestion can also be improved by sleeping on an adjustable bed frame.

Sleeping flat can make it more difficult for the body to digest food properly. Sleeping flat can also aggravate acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease. Elevating the head about six inches can reduce these symptoms.

This position removes pressure from the digestive track and makes it more difficult for stomach acids to go up into the throat. Better breathing. When you sleep in the zero-gravity position, the pressure placed on your lungs and airway is reduced.

As a result, your body can breathe more easily and can limit the impact asthma, allergies, and congestion can have on your sleep. Best Adjustable Bed Reviews Whether you’re looking for the best split king adjustable bed reviews or the best adjustable twin, queen, or full bed frames, we have you covered. We have selected some of the top models currently available that will help you stay comfortable while you sleep and will enable you to enjoy the benefits described above.

Read on to discover which adjustable bed frame is right for you. GhostBed Adjustable Base If you’re looking for an adjustable bed frame with luxury features for a budget-friendly price, consider the GhostBed Adjustable Base. This fully-adjustable frame allows you to customize your position for ultimate comfort.

The fully adjustable head and foot sections allow for an unlimited number of options, including a zero-gravity position. This bed frame also offers 15 head and foot massage modes to deliver additional comfort and relaxation. Furthermore, it is equipped with two USB ports on each side to allow for easy charging and convenient access to electronic devices.

Under-bed LED lights are also integrated into the design to provide soft lighting if you wake up in the middle of the night. The included backlit remote makes it easy to adjust the bed to the ideal position for sleeping or relaxing. Use the foot and head up/down buttons to move the frame to the exact position you desire.

The remote can also save your favorite position for sleeping and return you to it with just a press of a button. Additionally, the remote offers preset positions for zero-gravity, watching TV, and lounging. With the remote, you can even control the under-bed lighting and turn on the head or foot massage and adjust their intensity.

The GhostBed Adjustable Base features a sturdy steel frame. It also has a retainer bar and non-skid surface to ensure the mattress stays in place. This adjustable bed frame is available in twin XL, queen, and split king sizes.

Split king adjustable beds offer the added benefit of allowing each partner to customize their own position. All orders include free shipping and a limited lifetime warranty. Puffy Adjustable Base Premium The Adjustable Base Premium from Puffy Sleep is another top contender when you’re looking for the best adjustable bed frame.

The head on this model adjusts up to 60 degrees and the legs adjust up to 45 degrees to help each individual find their most comfortable sleeping position. The adjustable bed frame from Puffy Sleep is available in twin, twin XL, full, queen, king, and split-king sizes. Use the included remote to customize your position whether reading a book in bed, watching TV, or drifting off to dreamland.

The remote also has a memory feature that can save your favorite position. Some of the other remote settings include zero gravity, watching TV, and anti-snore. Puffy Sleep has some of the best split king adjustable beds reviews.

With the split king adjustable frame, you and a partner can each set the bed to the position that is most comfortable for you. This can help ensure that each of you get the restorative sleep that need. For a nominal additional fee, you can upgrade the Puffy Sleep Adjustable Base to include head and food massage features and dual USB ports for charging electronic devices.

This adjustable frame is constructed from coated metal for lasting durability. Each purchase is protected by a 10-year warranty and includes free shipping. Layla Adjustable Base Plus This motorized and fully adjustable base from Layla Sleep also has a lot to offer users.

It is available in twin XL, queen, king, and split king sizes. A wireless remote is included with the frame for easy operation. The remote includes preset buttons for moving the frame to zero-gravity, anti-snore, or flat positions.

You can also set the remote to remember up to three of your preferred positions. A mobile app is available for controlling the bed frame with a smartphone or tablet, and the frame is even compatible with Amazon’s Alexa and the Google Assistant for voice command operations. Layla Sleep incorporated some upgraded features into the design of this frame.

The frame features dual-zone vibrating massage motors at the head and foot of the frame. There are three massage intensities to choose from, as well as an auto-shutoff timer to stop the vibrations at a set time. Each side of the frame features two ports to keep your devices charged and within easy reach.

Some of the other notable features of this adjustable bed frame include the under-bed lighting and wall-hugging technology that keeps the head of the bed at the same distance from the wall regardless of the incline angle. Layla Sleep backs this bed frame with a 10-year warranty. They also offer free-shipping and a 30-night money-back guarantee.

Sweet Night Tranquil Adjustable Bed Frame Last, but certainly not least, we also think you’ll love the Tranquil Adjustable Bed Frame from Sweet Night. Available in twin XL, full, queen, and split California king sizes, this bed frame delivers the ability to tailor your position for enhanced comfort. Adjust the head incline between 0 and 60 degrees and the foot incline between 0 and 40 degrees for a nearly endless number of positioning options.

The Tranquil Adjustable Bed Frame from Sweet Night can be controlled using the included wireless remote or with an app on your smartphone or tablet. Use the remote or app to adjust the head and foot inclines or to select one of the preset positions including anti-snore, zero gravity, watching TV, or lying down flat. In addition to allowing you to adjust your position, this bed frame includes some other helpful and impressive features.

Each side of the frame offers dual USB ports for charging your phone, tablet, or other devices. There is also a pocket on each side to hold a smartphone and keep it within easy reach. Remote-controlled LED under-bed lights, provide low lighting if needed at night or in the morning.

The frame is made using a sturdy aluminum alloy that can support up to 705 pounds. All orders include free shipping and free returns. Adjustable Bed Frame Buying Guide If you’re interested in taking advantage of all the benefits associated with using an adjustable bed frame, it is imperative to note that each model is slightly different.

There are a number of important considerations to keep in mind as you shop for an adjustable bed frame. Read through our buying guide below to learn more about these considerations and choose the best adjustable bed frame to match your needs. Mattress Compatibility If you’re planning to use your existing mattress, the first thing you should do is to confirm compatibility.

Most adjustable bed frames are designed to be compatible with different mattress brands, but some manufacturers recommend only using their mattresses on their proprietary frames. Keep in mind that most innerspring mattresses are too inflexible to work well with an adjustable frame. Hybrid, foam, or latex mattresses are more flexible and will work best.

Size After determining if your current mattress is compatible with the bed frame or if you need to purchase a new mattress with your new bed frame, then you will need to evaluate if each model is available in your desired sire. Obviously, the bed frame must match the size of the mattress you are planning to use on it, so you won’t want to waste your time looking at a model that isn’t even available in your preferred size. Settings and Operation Before making a purchase, look at the range of motion of each bed frame.

Some adjustable bed frames offer more adjustability than others. This flexibility, or lack of it, could certainly make one model more appealing than another. The head can often be elevated between 60 and 80 degrees, while the range of motion for the lower portion of the mattress is typically between 30 and 40 degrees.

If there is a specific angle you’d prefer, then confirm it is possible with each bed frame you’re considering. Next, look at how easy it will be to adjust the bed frame. Does it include a remote control?.

Are there any preset positions or memory features?. Can you download an app to control the bed frame using a smart device?. Additional Features Some manufacturers include additional features to make their adjustable bed frames more user-friendly.

These features may include heat and massage functions, under-bed lighting, USB charging ports, and built-in speakers. If any of these features are important to you, look for a manufacturer that integrates them into their design of their adjustable bed frame. Frequently Asked Questions Can you use a regular mattress on an adjustable bed frame?.

Yes, most regular mattresses can be used on an adjustable bed frame. Many frames are compatible with latex, foam, and hybrid mattresses. Unfortunately, most innerspring mattresses are too rigid to move with an adjustable frame.

What is a split king adjustable bed?. Split king adjustable beds allow the right and left sides to adjust independently of one another. This means that each partner can elevate their head and feet to their exact comfort level without needing to make compromises with their partner.

Are adjustable beds worth the additional cost?. This is a personal question that will come down to your priorities and financial situation. Many people find that adjustable beds are worth the additional cost due to how much better they sleep and all the other health benefits they offer, such as reduced back and neck pain, better circulation, decreased swelling, and improved digestion.

Split king adjustable beds can be particularly beneficial for partners who prefer different sleeping positions or who are facing different health issues. With a split king adjustable bed, each partner can independently adjust their own side of the bed. How can you get into a zero-gravity position with an adjustable bed?.

You need to elevate your legs and feet to a higher level than your head and your heart to achieve a zero-gravity position. This position alleviates pressure placed on your joints to relieve back pain and is also beneficial for improving the body’s circulation. How do you keep sheets on an adjustable bed?.

When shopping for sheets for an adjustable bed, the first thing to do is to check the depth of the mattress and confirm that the pocket-depth of the fitted sheet is sufficient for a proper fit. Choosing a sheet that is not deep enough for your mattress will almost certainly cause the corners to slip off as the bed adjusts. When making the bed, tuck the edges of the flat sheet under the mattress.

You can also find some flat sheets that include corner straps. These corner straps grip on to the fitted sheet and will help ensure that the flat sheet stays in place. If these ideas still don’t work, sheet suspenders are another option.

A sheet suspender is a large band designed to ensure a flat sheet doesn’t slip off a mattress..

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Researchers at Cedars-Sinai have what does generic viagra look like found that aging http://www.bell-int.co.uk/buy-levitra-online-overnight-delivery/ produces significant changes in the microbiome of the human small intestine distinct from those caused by medications or illness burden. The findings have been published in the journal Cell Reports."By teasing out the microbial changes that occur in the small bowel with age, medication use and diseases, we hope to identify unique components of the microbial community to target for therapeutics and interventions that could promote healthy aging," said Ruchi Mathur, MD, the study's principal investigator.Research exploring the gut microbiome, and its impact on health, has relied predominantly on fecal samples, which do not represent the entire gut, according to Mathur. In their study, investigators from Cedars-Sinai's Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program analyzed samples from the small intestine-which is over 20 feet in length and has the surface area of a tennis court-for examination of the microbiome and its relationship with aging."This study is the first of its kind to examine the microbial composition of the small intestine of subjects 18 years of age to 80 what does generic viagra look like. We now know that certain microbial populations are influenced more by medications, while others are more affected by certain diseases.

We have identified specific microbes that appear to be what does generic viagra look like only influenced by the chronological age of the person," said Mathur, an endocrinologist and director of the Diabetes Outpatient Treatment &. Education Center.The 21st century has been referred to as the "era of the gut microbiome" as scientists turn considerable attention to the role trillions of gut bacteria, fungi and viagraes may play in human health and disease. The microbiome is the name given to the genes that live in what does generic viagra look like these cells. Studies have suggested that disturbances in the constellations of the microbial universe may lead to critical illnesses, including gastroenterological diseases, diabetes, obesity, and some neurological disorders.While researchers know that microbial diversity in stool decreases with age, Cedars-Sinai investigators identified bacteria in the small bowel they refer to as "disruptors" that increase and could be troublesome."Coliforms are normal residents of the intestine.

We found that when these rod-shaped microbes become too abundant in the small bowel-as they do as we get older-they exert what does generic viagra look like a negative influence on the rest of the microbial population. They are like weeds in a garden," said study co-author Gabriela Leite, PhD.Investigators also found that as people age, the bacteria in the small intestine change from microbes that prefer oxygen to those that can survive with less oxygen, something they hope to understand as the research continues."Our goal is to identify and fingerprint the small intestinal microbial patterns of human health and disease. Given the important role the small bowel plays in absorption of nutrients, changes in the microbiome in this location of the gut may have a greater impact on human health, what does generic viagra look like and warrants further study," said Mark Pimentel, MD, director of the MAST program and a co-author of the study.This research is part of Cedars-Sinai's ongoing REIMAGINE study. Revealing the Entire Intestinal Microbiota and its Associations with the Genetic, Immunologic, and Neuroendocrine Ecosystem.

Story Source what does generic viagra look like. Materials provided by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Note. Content may be edited for style and length.Despite the prevalence of the painful condition, women are fearful and frustrated with limited management options, according to Cedars-Sinai research published in the Journal of Urology.Women who participated in the study were critical of healthcare providers for failing to understand their experiences while over-prescribing antibiotics as a treatment option."We were inspired to conduct the study due to the large number of women coming to us feeling hopeless and helpless when it came to the management of their UTIs," said lead author Victoria Scott, MD, a urologist at the Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery clinic at Cedars-Sinai.To help give voice to those suffering with recurrent urinary tract s, researchers led a focus group study of 29 women who experienced recurrent UTIs to learn about gaps in their care.

UTIs are s of any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder or the urethra. The term is most commonly used to describe a bladder .One of the biggest concerns expressed by study participants revolved around the frequent prescribing of antibiotics and fears of the potential adverse and long-term effects of the medication."Many of the participants were aware of the risks of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics," Scott said. "They also were aware of the 'collateral damage' of antibiotics and disruption they can have on the normal balance of good and bad bacteria throughout the body."The focus group discussions also reported concern with the medical system and limited research efforts to investigate new non-antibiotic management strategies. advertisement Participants voiced frustration and resentment toward their medical providers for "throwing antibiotics" at them without presenting alternative options for treatment and prevention, and for not understanding their experience.

In addition, many women described seeking advice from herbalists and acupuncture practitioners, as well as from peers in online forums and chatrooms.Treatment and PreventionAlthough studies show that antibiotics are often the most effective treatment option for urinary tract s, research also shows that up to 40% of bladder s can be cleared with non-prescription steps that can include increased water intake and pain relief medications such as ibuprofen.Taking these steps when UTI symptoms initially develop and urine test results are pending can be important for avoiding unnecessary antibiotics and ensuring that appropriate antibiotics are prescribed when needed.Among steps women can take to avoid a urinary tract are drinking water, taking cranberry supplements or a low-dose antibiotic after sexual intercourse, and using vaginal estrogen for those who are postmenopausal. advertisement While over-the-counter treatments are preferred by many, Scott recommends seeing a doctor if a fever develops or symptoms persist beyond a day, as antibiotic therapy can be crucial for some s to ensure they don't spread from the bladder to the kidneys."Antibiotics are amazing drugs and in certain settings are lifesaving," Scott said. "There are absolutely some instances in which antibiotics are necessary, but it's also important for women to be educated regarding all their options."Those who experience recurrent urinary tract s should seek evaluation by a specialist. Some women will benefit from undergoing a kidney uasound or a cystoscopy, which uses a small camera that can be inserted into the urethra to give a view of the urethra and bladder to rule out anatomic abnormalities.Scott notes that while less common, men also can experience urinary tract s.Improving CareSome healthcare providers might not think that a single episode of a urinary tract could have a significant impact on a patient's life.

But when UTIs recur, often without warning, they can have a negative impact on social life, work, families and relationships.The study recommended that physicians modify management strategies to address women's concerns and to devote more research to improving non-antibiotic options for prevention and treatment of recurrent urinary tract s, as well as management strategies that better empower patients."Unfortunately, we see many women who blame themselves for developing UTIs. It's important to understand that UTIs are a very common problem and should not invoke shame" Scott said. "If you are experiencing recurrent UTIs I encourage you to connect with a doctor who specializes in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery to work together to come up with individualized prevention and management strategies."An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories matter.

And they can play a role in shifting the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study."Media can distinctly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely emphasized in that content," says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, an assistant professor of communication in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.Hahn is first author of the new study, which adds critical nuance to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children. While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualizations, like prosocial or antisocial effects that might be associated with specific content, Hahn's study looks at how exposure to content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty and authority) might influence the weight kids place on those values.Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those traits as a building block for their own morality?. The findings, which appear in the Journal of Media Psychology, suggest so, and further support how this indirect approach to socializing children's morality can supplement the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction."Parents, caregivers and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good," says Hahn, an expert in media psychology and media effects. "How can it be used for good things?.

How can it discourage bad habits?. How can it educate?. "Answering those questions begins with a better understanding about how to use media."When parents are considering what media they might want to select for their children, they can take into account what particular moral value is being emphasized by the main character, and how the main character is treated because of those actions," she says.For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a young adult novel and edited the content to reflect in each version the study's focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was manipulated in a way that featured an amoral main character.

Those narratives were shared with roughly 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. This is a favorable range for media research because it's more difficult to introduce narrative comprehension in younger kids, while equally challenging to hold the attention of older adolescents, who become bored with rudimentary storylines, according to Hahn.The team then created a scale designed to measure the importance kids place on moral values to determine how participants might be influenced by specific narratives."Measuring these effects can be difficult," says Hahn. "That's why, in addition to testing our hypothesis, another purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids. Nothing like that exists yet, that we know of."That measure, notes Hahn, can facilitate future research on media effects in young audiences.Paper co-authors include Ron Tamborini, Michigan State University (MSU) professor of communication.

Sujay Prabhu, an MSU affiliate. Clare Grall, Dartmouth College postdoctoral researcher. Eric Novotny, University of Georgia postdoctoral researcher. And Brian Klebig, Bethany Lutheran College associate professor of communication.

Story Source. Materials provided by University at Buffalo. Original written by Bert Gambini. Note.

Content may be edited for style and length.Researchers from the University of Notre Dame and the University of Florida have developed a sensor that could diagnose a heart attack in less than 30 minutes, according to a study published in Lab on a Chip. Currently, it takes health care professionals hours to diagnose a heart attack. Initial results from an echocardiogram can quickly show indications of heart disease, but to confirm a patient is having a heart attack, a blood sample and analysis is required. Those results can take up to eight hours."The current methods used to diagnose a heart attack are not only time intensive, but they also have to be applied within a certain window of time to get accurate results," said Pinar Zorlutuna, the Sheehan Family Collegiate Professor of Engineering at Notre Dame and lead author of the paper.

"Because our sensor targets a combination of miRNA, it can quickly diagnose more than just heart attacks without the timeline limitation."By targeting three distinct types of microRNA or miRNA, the newly developed sensor can distinguish between an acute heart attack and a reperfusion -- the restoration of blood flow, or reperfusion injury, and requires less blood than traditional diagnostic methods to do so. The ability to differentiate between someone with inadequate blood supply to an organ and someone with a reperfusion injury is an unmet, clinical need that this sensor addresses."The technology developed for this sensor showcases the advantage of using miRNA compared to protein-based biomarkers, the traditional diagnostic target," said Hsueh-Chia Chang, the Bayer Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Notre Dame and co-author of the paper. "Additionally, the portability and cost efficiency of this device demonstrates the potential for it to improve how heart attacks and related issues are diagnosed in clinical settings and in developing countries."A patent application has been filed for the sensor and the researchers are working with Notre Dame's IDEA Center to potentially establish a startup company that would manufacture the device.Bioengineers Chang and Zorlutuna are both affiliated with Notre Dame's Institute for Precision Health. Additional co-authors from Notre Dame are Stuart Ryan Blood, Cameron DeShetler, Bradley Ellis, Xiang Ren, George Ronan and Satyajyoti Senapati.

Co-authors from the University of Florida are David Anderson, Eileen Handberg, Keith March and Carl Pepine. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Story Source. Materials provided by University of Notre Dame.

Original written by Brandi Wampler. Note. Content may be edited for style and length.A team led by researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine, the New York Genome Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard has profiled in unprecedented detail thousands of individual cells sampled from patients' brain tumors. The findings, along with the methods developed to obtain those findings, represent a significant advance in cancer research, and ultimately may lead to better ways of detecting, monitoring and treating cancers.As the researchers reported Sept.

30 in Nature Genetics, they used advanced techniques to record gene mutations, gene activity and gene-activity-programming marks on DNA called methylations, within individual tumor cells sampled from patients with gliomas, the most common type of brain cancer. In this way they mapped distinct tumor cell behaviors or "states" in gliomas, and identified key programming marks that appear to shift glioma cells from one state to another. These programming marks, in principle, could be targeted with future drugs.Combining their single-cell methods with a molecular-clock technique, the researchers created "ancestral trees" for the sampled tumor cells, depicting their histories of state changes."It's like having a time machine -- we can take a sample from a patient's tumor and infer many details of how that tumor has been developing," said co-senior author Dr. Dan Landau, an associate professor of medicine in the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology and a member of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, and a core member of the New York Genome Center."We've been able to make observations here that have fundamental implications for how we should think about treating gliomas," said co-senior author Dr.

Mario Suva, an associate professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School, a pathologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and a member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.Tumors cells traditionally have been characterized in bulk, rather than individually, and in relatively simple ways, for example by their cell type of origin and by the receptors they bear on their surfaces. Drs. Landau and Suva, however, have helped pioneer the use of "single-cell multi-omics" methods to profile tumor cells individually and in much more detail. advertisement In the new study they used a three-layer method -- recording not only gene sequence and gene transcription information but also "epigenetic" transcription-controlling methylation marks on DNA -- for the first time on individual tumor cells directly from patients.

The scientists sampled more than 100 tumor cells on average from each of seven patients with so-called IDH-mutant glioma, and from seven patients with a more treatment-resistant glioma called IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.They found that the cells in both cancers tended to be in one of four distinct states, ranging from stem-cell-like states to states like those of more mature brain cells. They also identified distinct patterns of DNA methylation that appear to account for shifts between these states. Such patterns in principle could be disrupted with future therapies to suppress such state-changes and slow tumor development.Although the researchers' captured what was essentially a snapshot of cell states in the sampled tumors, they also devised a molecular clock method, based on the random changes in DNA methylations that naturally occur over time, to calculate a lineage tree for each cell -- depicting its history of different states, going back to the origin of the tumor.The lineage trees revealed among other things that glioblastoma cells, compared to cells from the lower-grade gliomas, had a high degree of "plasticity" allowing them relatively easily to switch back and forth between stem-like states and more mature states."The very plastic cellular architecture of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma may allow it to survive stem-cell-killing treatments by regenerating those cells from its pool of more mature cells," said co-first author Dr. Federico Gaiti, a postdoctoral fellow in the Landau laboratory.The findings in general offer a wealth of insights about the dynamics of gliomas, insights that should be useful in developing better methods for detecting, staging, monitoring and treating them.The researchers now plan to use their single-cell multi-omics approach to study how gliomas respond to different treatments.

In principle, they said, the approach can be used to study the development of any type of tumor, or even of genetic mutations that accrue with age in healthy tissues.Dr. Dan Landau is an equity holder, co-founder and paid scientific advisory board member for C2i Genomics and an equity holder and paid scientific advisory board member for Mission Bio. Dr. Mario Suva is an equity holder, scientific cofounder and advisory board member of Immunitas Therapeutics..

Researchers at Cedars-Sinai have found that aging produces significant changes in the microbiome buy viagra without a prescription of the human small intestine distinct from those caused by medications or illness burden. The findings have been published in the journal Cell Reports."By teasing out the microbial changes that occur in the small bowel with age, medication use and diseases, we hope to identify unique components of the microbial community to target for therapeutics and interventions that could promote healthy aging," said Ruchi Mathur, MD, the study's principal investigator.Research exploring the gut microbiome, and its impact on health, has relied predominantly on fecal samples, which do not represent the entire gut, according to Mathur. In their study, investigators from Cedars-Sinai's Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program analyzed samples from the small intestine-which is over 20 feet in length and has the surface area of a tennis court-for examination of the microbiome and its relationship with aging."This study is the first of its kind to examine the microbial composition of the small intestine of subjects 18 years buy viagra without a prescription of age to 80. We now know that certain microbial populations are influenced more by medications, while others are more affected by certain diseases.

We have identified specific microbes that appear to be only influenced by the chronological age of the person," said Mathur, an endocrinologist and director of the Diabetes buy viagra without a prescription Outpatient Treatment &. Education Center.The 21st century has been referred to as the "era of the gut microbiome" as scientists turn considerable attention to the role trillions of gut bacteria, fungi and viagraes may play in human health and disease. The microbiome is the name buy viagra without a prescription given to the genes that live in these cells. Studies have suggested that disturbances in the constellations of the microbial universe may lead to critical illnesses, including gastroenterological diseases, diabetes, obesity, and some neurological disorders.While researchers know that microbial diversity in stool decreases with age, Cedars-Sinai investigators identified bacteria in the small bowel they refer to as "disruptors" that increase and could be troublesome."Coliforms are normal residents of the intestine.

We found that when these rod-shaped microbes become too abundant in the small bowel-as buy viagra without a prescription they do as we get older-they exert a negative influence on the rest of the microbial population. They are like weeds in a garden," said study co-author Gabriela Leite, PhD.Investigators also found that as people age, the bacteria in the small intestine change from microbes that prefer oxygen to those that can survive with less oxygen, something they hope to understand as the research continues."Our goal is to identify and fingerprint the small intestinal microbial patterns of human health and disease. Given the important role the small bowel plays in absorption of nutrients, changes in the microbiome in this location of the gut may have a greater impact on human health, and warrants further study," said Mark Pimentel, MD, director of the MAST program and a buy viagra without a prescription co-author of the study.This research is part of Cedars-Sinai's ongoing REIMAGINE study. Revealing the Entire Intestinal Microbiota and its Associations with the Genetic, Immunologic, and Neuroendocrine Ecosystem.

Story Source buy viagra without a prescription. Materials provided by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Note. Content may be edited for style and length.Despite the prevalence of the painful condition, women are fearful and frustrated with limited management options, according to Cedars-Sinai research published in the Journal of Urology.Women who participated in the study were critical of healthcare providers for failing to understand their experiences while over-prescribing antibiotics as a treatment option."We were inspired to conduct the study due to the large number of women coming to us feeling hopeless and helpless when it came to the management of their UTIs," said lead author Victoria Scott, MD, a urologist at the Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery clinic at Cedars-Sinai.To help give voice to those suffering with recurrent urinary tract s, researchers led a focus group study of 29 women who experienced recurrent UTIs to learn about gaps in their care.

UTIs are s of any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder or the urethra. The term is most commonly used to describe a bladder .One of the biggest concerns expressed by study participants revolved around the frequent prescribing of antibiotics and fears of the potential adverse and long-term effects of the medication."Many of the participants were aware of the risks of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics," Scott said. "They also were aware of the 'collateral damage' of antibiotics and disruption they can have on the normal balance of good and bad bacteria throughout the body."The focus group discussions also reported concern with the medical system and limited research efforts to investigate new non-antibiotic management strategies. advertisement Participants voiced frustration and resentment toward their medical providers for "throwing antibiotics" at them without presenting alternative options for treatment and prevention, and for not understanding their experience.

In addition, many women described seeking advice from herbalists and acupuncture practitioners, as well as from peers in online forums and chatrooms.Treatment and PreventionAlthough studies show that antibiotics are often the most effective treatment option for urinary tract s, research also shows that up to 40% of bladder s can be cleared with non-prescription steps that can include increased water intake and pain relief medications such as ibuprofen.Taking these steps when UTI symptoms initially develop and urine test results are pending can be important for avoiding unnecessary antibiotics and ensuring that appropriate antibiotics are prescribed when needed.Among steps women can take to avoid a urinary tract are drinking water, taking cranberry supplements or a low-dose antibiotic after sexual intercourse, and using vaginal estrogen for those who are postmenopausal. advertisement While over-the-counter treatments are preferred by many, Scott recommends seeing a doctor if a fever develops or symptoms persist beyond a day, as antibiotic therapy can be crucial for some s to ensure they don't spread from the bladder to the kidneys."Antibiotics are amazing drugs and in certain settings are lifesaving," Scott said. "There are absolutely some instances in which antibiotics are necessary, but it's also important for women to be educated regarding all their options."Those who experience recurrent urinary tract s should seek evaluation by a specialist. Some women will benefit from undergoing a kidney uasound or a cystoscopy, which uses a small camera that can be inserted into the urethra to give a view of the urethra and bladder to rule out anatomic abnormalities.Scott notes that while less common, men also can experience urinary tract s.Improving CareSome healthcare providers might not think that a single episode of a urinary tract could have a significant impact on a patient's life.

But when UTIs recur, often without warning, they can have a negative impact on social life, work, families and relationships.The study recommended that physicians modify management strategies to address women's concerns and to devote more research to improving non-antibiotic options for prevention and treatment of recurrent urinary tract s, as well as management strategies that better empower patients."Unfortunately, we see many women who blame themselves for developing UTIs. It's important to understand that UTIs are a very common problem and should not invoke shame" Scott said. "If you are experiencing recurrent UTIs I encourage you to connect with a doctor who specializes in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery to work together to come up with individualized prevention and management strategies."An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories matter.

And they can play a role in shifting the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study."Media can distinctly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely emphasized in that content," says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, an assistant professor of communication in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.Hahn is first author of the new study, which adds critical nuance to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children. While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualizations, like prosocial or antisocial effects that might be associated with specific content, Hahn's study looks at how exposure to content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty and authority) might influence the weight kids place on those values.Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those traits as a building block for their own morality?. The findings, which appear in the Journal of Media Psychology, suggest so, and further support how this indirect approach to socializing children's morality can supplement the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction."Parents, caregivers and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good," says Hahn, an expert in media psychology and media effects. "How can it be used for good things?.

How can it discourage bad habits?. How can it educate?. "Answering those questions begins with a better understanding about how to use media."When parents are considering what media they might want to select for their children, they can take into account what particular moral value is being emphasized by the main character, and how the main character is treated because of those actions," she says.For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a young adult novel and edited the content to reflect in each version the study's focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was manipulated in a way that featured an amoral main character.

Those narratives were shared with roughly 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. This is a favorable range for media research because it's more difficult to introduce narrative comprehension in younger kids, while equally challenging to hold the attention of older adolescents, who become bored with rudimentary storylines, according to Hahn.The team then created a scale designed to measure the importance kids place on moral values to determine how participants might be influenced by specific narratives."Measuring these effects can be difficult," says Hahn. "That's why, in addition to testing our hypothesis, another purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids. Nothing like that exists yet, that we know of."That measure, notes Hahn, can facilitate future research on media effects in young audiences.Paper co-authors include Ron Tamborini, Michigan State University (MSU) professor of communication.

Sujay Prabhu, an MSU affiliate. Clare Grall, Dartmouth College postdoctoral researcher. Eric Novotny, University of Georgia postdoctoral researcher. And Brian Klebig, Bethany Lutheran College associate professor of communication.

Story Source. Materials provided by University at Buffalo. Original written by Bert Gambini. Note.

Content may be edited for style and length.Researchers from the University of Notre Dame and the University of Florida have developed a sensor that could diagnose a heart attack in less than 30 minutes, according to a study published in Lab on a Chip. Currently, it takes health care professionals hours to diagnose a heart attack. Initial results from an echocardiogram can quickly show indications of heart disease, but to confirm a patient is having a heart attack, a blood sample and analysis is required. Those results can take up to eight hours."The current methods used to diagnose a heart attack are not only time intensive, but they also have to be applied within a certain window of time to get accurate results," said Pinar Zorlutuna, the Sheehan Family Collegiate Professor of Engineering at Notre Dame and lead author of the paper.

"Because our sensor targets a combination of miRNA, it can quickly diagnose more than just heart attacks without the timeline limitation."By targeting three distinct types of microRNA or miRNA, the newly developed sensor can distinguish between an acute heart attack and a reperfusion -- the restoration of blood flow, or reperfusion injury, and requires less blood than traditional diagnostic methods to do so. The ability to differentiate between someone with inadequate blood supply to an organ and someone with a reperfusion injury is an unmet, clinical need that this sensor addresses."The technology developed for this sensor showcases the advantage of using miRNA compared to protein-based biomarkers, the traditional diagnostic target," said Hsueh-Chia Chang, the Bayer Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Notre Dame and co-author of the paper. "Additionally, the portability and cost efficiency of this device demonstrates the potential for it to improve how heart attacks and related issues are diagnosed in clinical settings and in developing countries."A patent application has been filed for the sensor and the researchers are working with Notre Dame's IDEA Center to potentially establish a startup company that would manufacture the device.Bioengineers Chang and Zorlutuna are both affiliated with Notre Dame's Institute for Precision Health. Additional co-authors from Notre Dame are Stuart Ryan Blood, Cameron DeShetler, Bradley Ellis, Xiang Ren, George Ronan and Satyajyoti Senapati.

Co-authors from the University of Florida are David Anderson, Eileen Handberg, Keith March and Carl Pepine. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Story Source. Materials provided by University of Notre Dame.

Original written by Brandi Wampler. Note. Content may be edited for style and length.A team led by researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine, the New York Genome Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard has profiled in unprecedented detail thousands of individual cells sampled from patients' brain tumors. The findings, along with the methods developed to obtain those findings, represent a significant advance in cancer research, and ultimately may lead to better ways of detecting, monitoring and treating cancers.As the researchers reported Sept.

30 in Nature Genetics, they used advanced techniques to record gene mutations, gene activity and gene-activity-programming marks on DNA called methylations, within individual tumor cells sampled from patients with gliomas, the most common type of brain cancer. In this way they mapped distinct tumor cell behaviors or "states" in gliomas, and identified key programming marks that appear to shift glioma cells from one state to another. These programming marks, in principle, could be targeted with future drugs.Combining their single-cell methods with a molecular-clock technique, the researchers created "ancestral trees" for the sampled tumor cells, depicting their histories of state changes."It's like having a time machine -- we can take a sample from a patient's tumor and infer many details of how that tumor has been developing," said co-senior author Dr. Dan Landau, an associate professor of medicine in the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology and a member of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, and a core member of the New York Genome Center."We've been able to make observations here that have fundamental implications for how we should think about treating gliomas," said co-senior author Dr.

Mario Suva, an associate professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School, a pathologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and a member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.Tumors cells traditionally have been characterized in bulk, rather than individually, and in relatively simple ways, for example by their cell type of origin and by the receptors they bear on their surfaces. Drs. Landau and Suva, however, have helped pioneer the use of "single-cell multi-omics" methods to profile tumor cells individually and in much more detail. advertisement In the new study they used a three-layer method -- recording not only gene sequence and gene transcription information but also "epigenetic" transcription-controlling methylation marks on DNA -- for the first time on individual tumor cells directly from patients.

The scientists sampled more than 100 tumor cells on average from each of seven patients with so-called IDH-mutant glioma, and from seven patients with a more treatment-resistant glioma called IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.They found that the cells in both cancers tended to be in one of four distinct states, ranging from stem-cell-like states to states like those of more mature brain cells. They also identified distinct patterns of DNA methylation that appear to account for shifts between these states. Such patterns in principle could be disrupted with future therapies to suppress such state-changes and slow tumor development.Although the researchers' captured what was essentially a snapshot of cell states in the sampled tumors, they also devised a molecular clock method, based on the random changes in DNA methylations that naturally occur over time, to calculate a lineage tree for each cell -- depicting its history of different states, going back to the origin of the tumor.The lineage trees revealed among other things that glioblastoma cells, compared to cells from the lower-grade gliomas, had a high degree of "plasticity" allowing them relatively easily to switch back and forth between stem-like states and more mature states."The very plastic cellular architecture of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma may allow it to survive stem-cell-killing treatments by regenerating those cells from its pool of more mature cells," said co-first author Dr. Federico Gaiti, a postdoctoral fellow in the Landau laboratory.The findings in general offer a wealth of insights about the dynamics of gliomas, insights that should be useful in developing better methods for detecting, staging, monitoring and treating them.The researchers now plan to use their single-cell multi-omics approach to study how gliomas respond to different treatments.

In principle, they said, the approach can be used to study the development of any type of tumor, or even of genetic mutations that accrue with age in healthy tissues.Dr. Dan Landau is an equity holder, co-founder and paid scientific advisory board member for C2i Genomics and an equity holder and paid scientific advisory board member for Mission Bio. Dr. Mario Suva is an equity holder, scientific cofounder and advisory board member of Immunitas Therapeutics..